Formability of Tailor Welded Blank (TWB) is an important parameter which limits this kind of blanks usage. A forming criterion for tailor welded blank is presented based on the analytical model in this research. This criterion suggests Limit Strength Ratio (LSR) and Limit Thickness Ratio (LTR) for forming limit of TWB. When thickness ratio or strength ratio in tailor welded blank is greater tha...

The deep drawing is a process for shaping flat sheets into cup-shaped articles without failure or excessive localized thinning. The design and control of a deep drawing process depends not only on the material, but also on the condition of the tool material interface, the mechanics of plastic deformation, the equipment used, and the control of metal flow. The equipment and tooling parameters th...

Although deep drawing process in the macro scale are well developed, the known concepts cannot be applied to micro deep drawing through directly scale down the specimen and tooling size due to the so-called size effects. Therefore, tensile test and micro deep drawing experiments were conducted to generate the knowledge for the micro deep drawing process. Stainless steel 304 foils with 4 differe...

in this paper, a novel technique on friction aided deep drawing using tapered blank holder divided into eight segments is proposed to overcome defect of friction aided deep drawing using four segments tapered blank holder technique. a taper blank holder is designed to be of two parts: stationary part with 5 degree taper angle and moving parts divided into eight tapered segments. the main functi...

Thirty years ago, Trivers and Willard (1973) hypothesized that parental “condition” could be central in influencing the sex ratio of offspring, “good condition” being associated with the conception of males. However, I argue that “condition” is a distraction in this otherwise useful hypothesis, because it is merely a frequent indicator of dominance (a characteristic which often leads to priorit...

Deep drawing process is one of the widely used methods in sheet-metal forming. With the deep drawing method, products of various geometrical shapes such as saucepans, tubes, perfume and soft drink cans can be obtained easily. Therefore, the optimization of the deep drawing process is very important for the industry. In conventional deep drawing method, no angle is given to the surfaces of die a...

We show that any outerplanar graph admits a planar straightline drawing such that the length ratio of the longest to the shortest edges is strictly less than 2. This result is tight in the sense that for any > 0 there are outerplanar graphs that cannot be drawn with an edge-length ratio smaller than 2 − . We also show that every bipartite outerplanar graph has a planar straight-line drawing wit...

We consider the logical system of boolean expressions built on the single connector of implication and on positive literals. Assuming all expressions of a given size to be equally likely, we prove that we can define a probability distribution on the set of boolean functions expressible in this system. We then show how to approximate the probability of a function f when the number of variables g...