Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), via interaction with its G-protein coupled receptors, is involved in various pathological conditions. Extracellular LPA is mainly produced by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX). Using fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we studied the expression profile of LPA receptors, LPA-induced cell migration, an...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that may play an important role in growth and survival of carcinomas. In this study, LPA production and response were characterized in two human prostate cancer (CaP) cell lines: PC-3 and Du145. Bombesin, a neuroendocrine peptide that is mitogenic for CaP cells, stimulated focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and activated the extracellular signa...

Autotaxin (ATX) is a tumor cell motility-stimulating factor originally isolated from melanoma cell supernatant that has been implicated in regulation of invasive and metastatic properties of cancer cells. Recently, we showed that ATX is identical to lysophospholipase D, which converts lysophosphatidylcholine to a potent bioactive phospholipid mediator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), raising the p...

In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) increased integrin adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We hypothesized that LPA-induced generation of ROS increases integrin adhesion to the ECM. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we determined the effects of LPA on integrin adh...

Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays a key role in the initiation of atherosclerosis by increasing monocyte adhesion. The mechanism that is responsible for the oxLDL-induced atherogenic monocyte recruitment in vivo, however, still remains unknown. Oxidation of LDL generates lysophosphatidylcholine, which is the main substrate for the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) generating ...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small lysophospholipid that signals through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to mediate diverse cellular responses. Two LPA receptors, LPA(1) and LPA(2), show gene expression profiles in mouse embryonic cerebral cortex, suggesting roles for LPA signaling in cerebral cortical development. Here, we review loss-of-function and gain-of-function models that have b...

Lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) exert multiple biological effects through specific G protein-coupled receptors. The LPA-activated receptor subtype LPA(2) contains a carboxyl-terminal motif that allows interaction with PDZ domain-containing proteins, such as NHERF2 and PDZ-RhoGEF. To identify additional interacting partners of LPA(2), the LPA(2) carboxyl-terminus was used to screen a proteomic arra...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid ligand present in oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The effects of LPA were investigated, first separately on endothelial cells (EC) and monocytes. Using Ki16425 (an LPA(1) and LPA(3) receptor antagonist), GW9662 [a peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPARgamma) antagonist], and pertussis toxin (that inhibits G(i/o)), we demons...

Malignant ascites from pancreatic cancer patients has been reported to stimulate migration of pancreatic cancer cells through lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and LPA(1) receptors. Indeed, ascites- and LPA-induced migration was inhibited by Ki16425, an LPA(1) and LPA(3) antagonist, in Panc-1 cells. Unexpectedly, however, in the presence of Ki16425, ascites and LPA inhibited cell migration in respons...

The bioactive lysophospholipids lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) have diverse effects on the developing nervous system and neural progenitors, but the molecular basis for their pleiotropic effects is poorly understood. We previously defined LPA and S1P signaling in proliferating human neural progenitor (hNP) cells, and the current study investigates their role in ne...