Disc battery ingestion and esophageal injury is well-known in children. Insertion of a disc/lithium battery into body's natural orifices is rarely reported. We present a case of self-insertion of a lithium battery into the vagina by a 2 ½ year old female. Vaginoscopy was performed and the battery was retrieved which had corroded and caused vaginal ulceration. Post-operative outcome was favorabl...

Compared to other types of rechargeable batteries, the rechargeable lithium battery has many advantages, such as: higher energy density, lower self-discharge rate, higher voltages and longer cycle life. This article provides an overview of the cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries. The advantages and challenges of various materials used in re...

Degradation mechanisms such as lithium plating, growth of the passivated surface film layer on the electrodes and loss of both recyclable lithium ions and electrode material adversely affect the longevity of the lithium ion battery. The anode electrode is very vulnerable to these degradation mechanisms. In this paper, the most common aging mechanisms occurring at the anode during the operation ...

Is it possible to exceed the lithium redox potential in electrochemical systems? It seems impossible to exceed the lithium potential because the redox potential of the elemental lithium is the lowest among all the elements, which contributes to the high voltage characteristics of the widely used lithium ion battery. However, it should be possible when we use a molecule-based ion which is not re...

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in many electronic systems. Therefore, it is significantly important to estimate the lithium-ion battery's remaining useful life (RUL), yet very difficult. One important reason is that the measured battery capacity data are often subject to the different levels of noise pollution. In this paper, a novel battery capacity prognostics approach is presented to ...

Rechargeable lithium-ion battery technology dominates the portable electronics market following the rapid growth in demand since the introduction of the first, commercial lithium-ion battery by Sony in 1990 [1]. Motivated by concerns for global warming and environmental degradation, researchers have focused on extending the use of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries to large-scale applications. ...

Prognostics and remaining useful life (RUL) estimation for lithium-ion batteries play an important role in intelligent battery management systems (BMS). The capacity is often used as the fade indicator for estimating the remaining cycle life of a lithium-ion battery. For spacecraft requiring high reliability and long lifetime, in-orbit RUL estimation and reliability verification on ground shoul...

In order to safely and efficiently use the power as well as to extend the lifetime of the traction battery pack, accurate estimation of State of Charge (SoC) is very important and necessary. This paper presents an adaptive observer-based technique for estimating SoC of a lithium-ion battery pack used in an electric vehicle (EV). The RC equivalent circuit model in ADVISOR is applied to simulate ...

We present an incisive spectroscopic technique for directly probing redox orbitals based on bulk electron momentum density measurements via high-resolution x-ray Compton scattering. Application of our method to spinel Li_{x}Mn_{2}O_{4}, a lithium ion battery cathode material, is discussed. The orbital involved in the lithium insertion and extraction process is shown to mainly be the oxygen 2p o...

In this paper, the electro-thermal model of Lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles and its related application were studied. The spatial variations of electrode parameter and the reaction heat generated inside battery must be considered when developing an electro-thermal model of Lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles, to ensure the applicability of the developed model under different ope...