Before the beginning of the European colonialism era, the Persian Gulf was a communication link between Asia, Europe and Africa, through which silk, spices and other needed goods were transported into the Mediterranean. With the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope and the flourishing of the southern African routes, in order to control the trade routes, colonialists entered the arena, and worked ...

This paper addresses constraint solving over continuous domains in the context of decision making, and discusses the trade-off between precision in the definition of the solution space and the computational effort required. In alternative to local consistency, which is usually maintained in handling continuous constraints, we discuss maintaining global hull-consistency. Experimental results sho...

during recent years, a series of climate projections provided for surface temperature increase and precipitation changes over the next century in various time slices. national institutes are using downscaling projections for more precise results. in this research study, various climate change projections in global, continental, regional and local scales have been examined in special forest ecos...

This paper addresses constraint solving over continuous domains in the context of decision making, and discusses the trade-off between precision in the definition of the solution space and the computational efforts required. In alternative to local consistency, we propose maintaining global hull-consistency and present experimental results that show that this may be an appropriate alternative t...

This paper describes a tabu search heuristic with path relinking for the vehicle routing problem. Tabu search is a local search method that explores the solution space more thoroughly than other local search based methods by overcoming local optima. Path relinking is a method to integrate intensification and diversification in the search. It explores paths that connect previously found elite so...

Plant species diversity in Jokhaneh plain and the southern slope of Nil Mt. is investigated in order to determine the flora and life forms and chorotypes of plants in this area. The studied area is located in Kohgilouyeh va Boyerahmad province, covers 22’475 hectares and its average elevation is 2’315 m above sea level. In spite of a few studies in this region, broad knowledge of the flora of t...

This work presents a novel method for accurate estimation of perspective transformations in images. Recent publications have shown that considering a rich geometric transformation model of salient local regions, is extremely bene cial for the purpose of point matching.Yet, those methods are not used extensively for two reasons. First, because they are computationally more demanding, second reas...

In this paper, we explore ways to combine boundary information and region segmentation to estimate regions corresponding to foreground objects. Boundary information is used to generate an object likelihood image which encodes the likelihood that each pixel belongs to a foreground object. This is done by combining evidence gathered from a large number of boundary fragments on training images by ...

Global patterns of biodiversity reflect both regional and local processes, but the relative importance of local ecological limits to species coexistence, as influenced by the physical environment, in contrast to regional processes including species production, dispersal, and extinction, is poorly understood. Failure to distinguish regional influences from local effects has been due, in part, to...