The synthesis of twenty five esters of testosterone (17β -hydroxyandrost- 4-en-3-one) is described. All esters are derivatives of cycloalkycarboxylic acids. Some of the esters possess α- , β -and/or & - substitution in the ester side-chain. The work was undertaken in order to evaluate long-acting male antifertility effect of such esters. Most of the compounds, especially compound No.1, wer...

background: gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) agonist is used for controlling ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology (art) cycles which has some benefits. objective: to compare the efficacy of two different formulations of gnrh agonist: short-acting and long-acting, for art protocols. materials and methods: in a prospective randomized study, one hundred women who underwent...

Subcutaneous injection of exogenous insulin or insulin analogues needs to be performed one or more times daily for type 1 diabetics. The timing and dosage of insulin administration have been a critical research area since the invention of insulin analogues. Several mathematical models have been proposed and some are applied clinically in modeling various insulin therapies. However, these models...

Glycemic control in hospitalized patients who are not in intensive care remains unsatisfactory. Despite persistent expert recommendations urging its abandonment, the use of sliding-scale insulin remains pervasive in U.S. hospitals. Evidence for the effectiveness of sliding-scale insulin is lacking after more than 40 years of use. New physiologic subcutaneous insulin protocols use basal, nutriti...

The extended duration of bronchodilation due to formoterol and salmeterol greatly exceeds that of short acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, such as salbutamol or terbutaline. This extended duration and their capacity to "reassert" airway smooth muscle relaxation in vitro despite repeated washing has prompted considerable debate on the underlying mechanism(s). The comparative pharmacology, and ...

the synthesis of twenty five esters of testosterone (17β -hydroxyandrost- 4-en-3-one) is described. all esters are derivatives of cycloalkycarboxylic acids. some of the esters possess α- , β -and/or & - substitution in the ester side-chain. the work was undertaken in order to evaluate long-acting male antifertility effect of such esters. most of the compounds, especially compound no.1, were fou...