Digital video data distribution through the internet is becoming more common. Film trailers, video clips and even video footage from computer and video games are now seen as very powerful means to boost sales of the aforementioned products. These materials need to be protected to avoid copyright infringement issues. However, these materials are encoded at a low bit-rate to facilitate internet d...

In this paper, the importance of including small image features at the initial levels of a progressive second generation video coding scheme is presented. It is shown that a number of meaningful small features called details should be coded, even at very low data bit-rates, in order to match their perceptual significance to the human visual system. We propose a method for extracting, perceptual...

Web cameras are becoming more and more common on the Internet, and the technology is ready to make cameras a standard accessory of any computer. The development of applications, however, hasn’t followed the explosive diffusion of the cameras. Problems in developing applications for remote web cameras come from the low image quality that they generally provide and from the fact that, unless the ...

Low-bit-rate speech coding, at rates below 4 kb/s, is needed for both communication and voice storage applications. At such low rates, full encoding of the speech waveform is not possible; therefore, low-rate coders rely instead on parametric models to represent only the most perceptually-relevant aspects of speech. While there are a number of different approaches for this modeling, all can be ...

satellite thermal control ensures safe operating temperature ranges for satellite components throughout the mission life. effects of altitude, spin, and position of satellite radiator(s) on the thermal control of a small low earth orbit (leo) satellite have been studied. results show that change in satellite altitude, in the range considered here, does not produce critical thermal conditions. h...

In this chapter, we present the definition and principles of ultra-low bit-rate coders. Here the emphasis is to point to the fact that this class of coders is typically the ‘vocoders’, which are ‘parametric’ coders that are essentially linear-prediction (LP) based vocoders. This is in contrast to the ‘waveform’ coders, which operate at the higher bit-rates. Among the various frameworks employed...

This paper is concerned with a class of low-rate codes constructed from Hadamard code arrays. A recursive encoding principle is employed to introduce an interleaving gain. Very simple trellis codes with only two or four states are sufficient for this purpose, and the decoding cost involved in the trellis part is typically negligible. Both simulation and analytical results are provided to demons...

This paper presents a priority approach for censorious real-time traffic which flows particularly for low data rate wireless sensor and actor network (LR-WSAN). In the recent years, the demand for low rate wireless data transmission has been increased drastically in small scale industrial and non-industrial applications. The different traffic flows are increased by incorporating a variety of di...