Wintering Sasa senanensis, dwarf bamboo, is known to employ deep supercooling as the mechanism of cold hardiness in most of its tissues from leaves to rhizomes. The breakdown of supercooling in leaf blades has been shown to proceed in a random and scattered manner with a small piece of tissue surrounded by longitudinal and transverse veins serving as the unit of freezing. The unique cold hardin...

Upper lethal temperatures (ULTs) of cold-adapted insect species in winter have not been previously examined. We anticipated that as the lower lethal temperatures (LLTs) decreased (by 20-30°C) with the onset of winter, the ULTs would also decrease accordingly. Consequently, given the recent increases in winter freeze-thaw cycles and warmer winters due to climate change, it became of interest to ...

Pretreatment of Bacillus subtilis with low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide protected the cells against the lethal effects of higher levels of oxidative stress. During the period of adaptation, eight proteins were induced, as detected by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Four of these proteins were the same size as four of the proteins induced by the temperature upshift. The range of prot...

Methods Lethal temperatures for M. californianus were determined using temperature-controlled chambers in which both the magnitude and duration of exposure were manipulated. Field surveys of the shore level and solar exposure of upper zonation limits of mussel beds were conducted at 15 sites. Measurements from the lethal temperature studies and field surveys were used with a biophysical model o...

INCE the pioneering work of CHETVERIKOV ( 1927), many studies have shown that a large number of phenotypically normal individuals in natural populations of outbred diploid species, such as Drosophila, carry numerous recessive lethal genes concealed in heterozygous condition. The experiments of STERN, CARSON, KINST, NOVITSKY and UPHOFF (1952), MULLER and CAMPBELL (see MORTON, CROW and MULLER 195...

13.20: Nicki Eriksen, Triggering factors in vertical excursions in bigeye tuna showing typical behaviour 13.35: Jonas Andersen, How to assess Drosophila cold tolerance: Chill coma temperature and lower lethal temperature are the best predictors of cold distribution limits 13.50: Anders Findsen, Why do insects enter and recover from chill coma? Low temperature and high extracellular potassium co...

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, often called spotted wing drosophila, is an exotic vinegar fly that is native to Southeast Asia and was first detected in the continental United States in 2008. Previous modeling studies have suggested that D. suzukii might not survive in portions of the northern United States or southern Canada due to the effects of cold. As a result, we measured two aspects of in...

There is now considerable evidence that climate change is disrupting the phenology of key pollinator species. The recently reported UK winter activity of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris brings a novel set of thermal challenges to bumblebee workers that would typically only be exposed to summer conditions. Here we assess the ability of workers to survive acute and chronic cold stress (via lower ...