This paper presents a genetic algorithm model for the cost optimization of composite beams based on the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) specifications of the AISC. The model formulation includes the costs of concrete, steel beam, and shear studs. Two examples taken from the literature were analyzed in order to validate the model, to illustrate its use, and to demonstrate its capabiliti...

Pembangunan Bandara di Kediri akan berdampak pada meningkatnya perekonomian yang memicu pembangunan perusahaan bidang produksi semakin pesat. Hal ini menyebabkan kebutuhan gudang sebagai fasilitas pendukung berbagai kegiatan dan industri. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendesain dengan struktur baja menggunakan metode LRFD. Material profil IWF C digunakan dalam Perencanaan atas gudang, software SAP20...

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and fillers play an important role in enhancing the mechanical properties durability of concrete. SCMs are commonly used self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures to also enhance their rheological properties. However, these additives could have significant effects on viscoelastic Existing models for predicting creep drying shrinkage do not consider e...

The use of powerful numerical tools based on the finite-element method has been improving the prediction of the holding capacity of fixed anchors employed by the offshore oil industry. One of the main achievements of these tools is the reduction of the uncertainty related to the holding capacity calculation of these anchors. Therefore, it is also possible to reduce the values of the associated ...

The designated fiber stress values published in the American National Standards Institute Standard for Poles, ANSI O5.1, no longer reflect the state of the knowledge. These values are based on a combination of test data from small clear wood samples and small poles (<55 ft (<17 m)) and field experience up to the time of adoption of the standard in 1965. A number of changes over the past 35 year...

Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have many advantages over conventional bridges in terms of strength and maintenance cost. Due to the integrity of these structures uniform thermal and seismic loads are known important ones on the structure performance. Although all bridge design codes consider temperature and earthquake loads separately in their load combinations for conventional bridges, the t...

The adequacy of the existing design provisions for concrete-filled steel pipes subjected to axial forces and flexure is reviewed by comparing the strengths predicted by the CAN/CSA-S16.1-M94, AISC LRFD 1994, and the Eurocode 4 1994 codes and standards against experimental data from a number of investigators. New proposed design equations are then developed, in a format compatible with North Ame...

The load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method is normally used to B-regions of reinforced concrete (RC) flexural members. includes many checks corresponding different limit states. LRFD requires loop calculation steps in the design, demonstrating its relative inefficiency. It cannot be applied compare states directly quantitatively. Different are separated isolated. How improve analytical...