This paper proposes a digital calibration algorithm for a 2-stage cyclic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with 12-bit resolution used in a 33-Mpixel 120-fps CMOS image sensor. A simulation was performed to verify the algorithm with the large values of errors that we set. Results showed that the maximum differential nonlinearity (DNL) was improved to 0.49 LSB from 4.5 LSB, and that the integral...

Figure 5\ Detecting forgery attack, (a) The tampered image, (b) The actual region tampered, (c) The difference map with k=9, (d) the difference map with k=7 ...12 Figure 6\ Modified Images of lena, (a) The image lena, (b) The image with the LSB plane and the second LSB plane flipped (c) The image with the LSB plane flipped (d) the image with the second LSB plane flipped ..

In this study, we present a scheme that combines LSB (Least Significant Bit) DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) watermarking techniques. Data compression has rapidly evolved due to variable mobile terminals and the vast amount of images and video. It is necessary to prevent access to and maintain the confidentiality of data. LSB and wavelet watermarking methods have arisen to address this need. H...

The least significant-bit (LSB) based techniques are very popular for steganography in spatial domain. The simplest LSB technique simply replaces the LSB in the cover image with the bits from secret information. Further advanced techniques use some criteria to identify the pixels in which LSB(s) can be replaced with the bits of secret information. In DCT based technique insertion of secret info...

LSB steganography is one of the popular ways of message embedding in different multimedia cover objects. A number of commercial steganography software tools use LSB insertion as a method of message packing. In the present work the detailed study has been made regarding the stochastic properties of the embedded message and LSB pattern in colour and gray scale images. The influence of the initial...

Complex regional pain syndrome is a refractory pain condition with few tested therapies. We hypothesized that botulinum toxin A (BTA) would prolong analgesia after sympathetic blocks in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. We compared the duration of standard lumbar sympathetic block (LSB) with bupivacaine to LSB with bupivacaine and BTA in nine patients with refractory complex regiona...

In twenty years, low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies have evolved from being an idiosyncratic notion to being one of the major baryonic repositories in the Universe. The story of their discovery and the characterization of their properties is told here. Their recovery from the noise of the night sky background is a strong testament to the severity of surface brightness selection effects. LSB ...

We present BIMA and IRAM CO (1–0) observations of seven low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies, including three large spiral galaxies with faint disks but prominent bulges and four relatively small LSB galaxies with irregular disks. The giant LSB galaxies are UGC 5709, UGC 6614, and F568-6 (Malin 2). The smaller LSB galaxies are NGC 5585, UGC 4115, UGC 5209, and F583-1. The galaxies were selecte...