Various actions on the lumbar spine have been attributed to quadratus lumborum, but they have not been substantiated by quantitative data. The present study was undertaken to determine the magnitude of forces and moments that quadratus lumborum could exert on the lumbar spine. The fascicular anatomy of quadratus lumborum was studied in six embalmed cadavers. For each fascicle, the sites of atta...

New Zernike velocity moments have been developed to describe an object, not only by its shape , but also by its motion throughout an image sequence. These are an extended form of the orthogonal Zernike moment set and include velocity information introduced via centralised moments. Initial analysis shows that they perform well when applied to analysing gait sequences resulting in a good recognit...

The normal physiological loads from muscles experienced by the spine are largely unknown due to a lack of data. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of varying muscle directions on the outcomes predicted from finite element models of human lumbar spine. A nonlinear finite element model of L3-L5 was employed. The force of the erector spinae muscle, the force of the rectus abdomini...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the biomechanical behavior of the lumbar spine after posterior decompression with the spinous process osteotomy (SPiO) technique or the conventional laminectomy (CL) technique using a finite element (FE) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three validated lumbar FE models (L2-5) which represented intact spine and two decompression models ...

Working with human subjects to measure internal loadings of lumbar spine is difficult. Numerical modeling makes it possible to study response of spine to a variety of loading conditions. This paper reports the development of a rigid body model of spine using a forward kinematics approach. The model consists of accurate CAD representations of vertebrae interconnected by intervertebral discs prov...

Together with 3D kinematics of the lower extremities, pelvis, and lumbar spine, ground reaction forces (GRF) and surface EMG signals from the following bilateral trunk muscle groups were recorded: external and internal abdominal obliques; rectus abdominus; lumbar and thoracic erector spinae; and latissimus dorsi. Kinematic and GRF data were incorporated in a “bottom-up” inverse dynamical linked...

This paper proposed a method that combines Polar Fourier Transform, color moments, and vein features to retrieve leaf images based on a leaf image. The method is very useful to help people in recognizing foliage plants. Foliage plants are plants that have various colors and unique patterns in the leaf. Therefore, the colors and its patterns are information that should be counted on in the proce...

BACKGROUND Back extension (BE) is a strength exercise for training the dorsal trunk and hip muscles. To optimise training recommendations that avoid overloading and possible injury, the aim of this study was to determine the loading conditions and the influence of different execution forms of BE on spine, hip and knee ranges of motion (RoMs), joint moments and muscle activity. METHODS The kin...

The objective of this report was to study the influence of the orientation of gravitational loading on the behavior of anterior and posterior trunk muscles during anterior trunk flexion-extension. Participants (N=13) performed five (5) cycles of trunk flexion-extension while standing with gravity parallel to the body axis and five (5) cycles while in the supine condition (e.g. sit-ups) with gra...

We introduce a new micro/macro decomposition of collisional kinetic equations which naturally incorporates the exact space boundary conditions. The idea is to write the distribution fonction f in all its domain as the sum of a Maxwellian adapted to the boundary (which is not the usual Maxwellian associated with f) and a reminder kinetic part. This Maxwellian is defined such that its ’incoming’ ...