Gasoline taxes are widely perceived as the most efficient instrument for reducing gasoline consumption because they exploit all behavioral responses for reducing fuel use, including reduced driving and improved fuel economy. At present, however, higher fuel taxes are viewed as a political nonstarter. Pay-as-you-drive (PAYD) auto insurance, which involves replacing existing lump-sum premiums wit...

The paper presents a methodology for simulating the static and dynamic performance of integrated circuits in the presence of electro-thermal interactions on the integrated circuit die. The technique is based on the coupling of a finite element method (FEM) program with a circuit simulator. In difference to other known simulator couplings a time step algorithm is used. Its implementation into si...

This paper presents a novel dosing concept for drug delivery based on a peristaltic piezo-electrically actuated micro membrane pump. The design of the silicon micropump itself is straight-forward, using two piezoelectrically actuated membrane valves as inlet and outlet, and a pump chamber with a piezoelectrically actuated pump membrane in-between. To achieve a precise dosing, this micropump is ...

Synthesis algorithm for mixed lumped and distributed element networks is presented. The algorithm is based on transfer scattering matrix factorization The mixed structure is composed of ladder lumped-elements connected with commensurate transmission lines (Unit elements, UEs). Reflection function expression in twovariable is utilized in the algorithm. First, the type of the element that will be...

This thesis addresses integrated circuit component, packaging, and microwave design for both AC and DC Josephson voltage standard (JVS) systems. The components developed in this work combine techniques from both the distributed and lumped-element microwave design in the frequency range 0–40 GHz. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) JVS systems rely on 10 000 to 300 000 micr...

Lumped element models, also known as, mass-spring-damper models, are widely used to simulate deformable objects because of their simplicity and computational efficiency. However, the parameters of lumped element models are typically determined in an ad hoc fashion through trial-and-error, as these models are not directly based on continuum mechanics of deformable objects. In this paper, an alte...

Antennas integrated with active circuitry are usually referred to as active antenna arrays. The integration can be done at different levels, depending on the goal and application. For example, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) is often integrated directly with the antenna for reduced loss and therefore decreased noise figure. Another example is the integration of power amplifiers with antenna arrays ...