Kale leaf ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala ) is a type of vegetable plant from thefamily Brassicaceae which has high secondary metabolite content, one rich in anthocyanin pigments have antioxidant properties are provided the form cream. The most commonly used cosmetic preparations for skin care cream dosage forms because easy to spread evenly on and not sticky. This study aims determine effect...

The primary virulence of soft rot pectobacteria, including Pectobacterium brasiliense, is mainly determined by the massive production plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), which promote tissue maceration in many crops. antibiotic treatment to treat bacterial causes environmental problems and potentially affects resistance. Antibiotic resistance driving interest antimicrobial treatments, n...

Fruit ripening is characterized by processes that modify texture and flavor but also by a dramatic increase in susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea. Disassembly of the major structural polysaccharides of the cell wall (CW) is a significant process associated with ripening and contributes to fruit softening. In tomato, polygalacturonase (PG) and expansin (Exp) are a...

Host cells respond to infection by generating nitric oxide (NO) as a cytotoxic weapon to facilitate killing of invading microbes. Bacterial flavohaemoglobins are well-known scavengers of NO and play a crucial role in protecting animal pathogens from nitrosative stress during infection. Erwinia chrysanthemi, which causes macerating diseases in a wide variety of plants, possesses a flavohaemoglob...

Abstract Pineapple peel waste contains antioxidant molecules. This paper describes a facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles using pineapple aqueous extract. method aims to reduce the use of harmful chemicals in producing zinc nitrate as salt precursor evaluating their antibacterial. extract was obtained by macerating powder distilled water. E...

Callus cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts. Factors influencing the protoplast viability were examined using highly purified preparations of cellulase C(1), xylanase, and pectin lyase, which were essential enzymes for the isolation of protoplasts from the rice cells. The trea...

Incubating tobacco leaf tissue, from which the lower epidermis was peeled, overnight with o'3 to o.4 % Macerozyme and o-6 to i-2 % cellulase, depending on leaf condition, produced a good yield of protoplasts that were susceptible to infection by TMV. Fluorescent antibody staining showed that 20 to 8o % ofprotoplasts became infected, and infectivity tests indicated that an average of about 4 × I...