Sanchez and colleagues1 report a case of histoplasmosis-associated reactive hemophagocytic syndrome in a 61-year-old HIV-infected man. The association of hemophagocytic syndrome with HIV infection is important for several reasons: (1) Many of the features of the hemophagocytic syndrome are not specific in this setting, and, hence, may be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed. (2) The hemophagocytic...

BACKGROUND Silicone implants have been successfully used for breast augmentation and reconstruction in millions of women worldwide. The reaction to the silicone implant is highly variable; it can lead to local inflammatory symptoms, and sometimes to systemic symptoms and disease. Over 80 cases of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma have been reported in patients w...

Background Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocyosis is a severe inflammatory condition due to genetic defect in cytotoxic activity (e.a. :perforin). This disease is similar to the macrophage activated syndrome (MAS). In this disorder cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes are highly proliferating due in part to a cytokine storm condition (IFNg mediated). In this inflammatory climate macrophages gets activ...

Introduction The term of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) refers to a condition caused by excessive activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and macrophagic histiocytes that exhibit hemophagocytic activity. The expansion of these cells also leads to a massive systemic inflammatory response associated with pan cytopenia, liver dysfunction, and coagulopathy consistent by disseminated intrava...

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially fatal condition that may complicate autoimmune diseases, and it belongs to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) disorders. MAS occurs in adults and children. However, it is rare in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE), and it is extremely rare to be the initial presentation of jSLE. Here, we report two patients with juven...

Introduction Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) is a severe complication of rheumatic diseases, frequently associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), but also described in others pediatric inflammatory disorders including Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Kawasaki disease. Due to the close resemblance to a group of histiocytic disorders collectively known as ...

The 2014 epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in several West African countries has mortality rates of up to 70%, as reported by WHO. The exponential increase in the number of infections and deaths, coupled with the absence of specific preventive and therapeutic strategies, represents one of the biggest global health challenges of this millenium. Insights in the pathophysiology and treatment o...

OBJECTIVE Because it has no unique clinical, biologic, or histologic features, reactive hemophagocytic syndrome may be difficult to distinguish from other diseases such as severe sepsis or hematologic malignancies. This study was undertaken to develop and validate a diagnostic score for reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort of 312 patients who were judge...

It is well known that some B-cell lymphomas are accompanied by a prominent epithelioid cell response, caused by activated macrophages, such as marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. We investigated six bone marrow samples from four cases of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and report a unique observation that large conjugates of tumor cells around a macrophage were...