Apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) is the fourth fruit in importance and Iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world. Longevity of juvenility in apple extends breeding cycles and makes its breeding a tough job. To alleviate this barrier via genetic engineering, the genes involved in flowering and floral development of apple and their function must be identified and characterized. Most of thes...

MADS-box genes encode transcription factors in all eukaryotic organisms thus far studied. Plant MADS-box proteins contain a DNA-binding (M), an intervening (I), a Keratin-like (K) and a C-terminal C-domain, thus plant MADS-box proteins are of the MIKC type. In higher plants most of the well-characterized genes are involved in floral development. They control the transition from vegetative to ge...

Vivian F. Irish Yale University, New Haven, CT. MADS box genes encode key transcriptional regulators that have been implicated in the control of various aspects of floral development, primarily through work carried out in Arabidopsis. We have embarked on a series of analyses to examine the extent to which gene duplication, regulatory diversification and differences in protein interactions have ...

Regulation of flowering time is best understood in the dicot model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular analyses revealed that genes belonging to the MADS box transcription factor family play pivotal regulatory roles in both the vernalization- and photoperiod-regulated flowering pathways. Here the analysis of three APETALA1 (AP1)-like MADS box proteins (LpMADS1-3) and a SHORT VEGETATIVE PHAS...

Members of the MADS-box family of transcription factors are found in eukaryotes ranging from yeast to humans. In plants, MADS-box proteins regulate several developmental processes including flower, fruit and root development. We have investigated the DNA-binding mechanisms used by four such proteins in Antirrhinum majus, SQUA, PLE, DEF and GLO. SQUA differs from the characterised mammalian and ...

MADS-box proteins, a well-conserved family of transcription factors in eukaryotic organisms, specifically regulate a wide range of cellular functions, including primary metabolism, cell cycle, and cell identity. However, little is known about roles of the MADS-box protein family in the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this research, the S. sclerotiorum MADS-box gene SsMADS was clone...

apple (malus×domestica borkh.) is the fourth fruit in importance and iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world. longevity of juvenility in apple extends breeding cycles and makes its breeding a tough job. to alleviate this barrier via genetic engineering, the genes involved in flowering and floral development of apple and their function must be identified and characterized. most of thes...

Gibberellin (GA), a diterpene hormone, plays diverse roles in plant growth and development, including seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering time. Although it is known that GA accelerates flowering through degradation of transcription repressors, DELLAs, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We show here that DELLA directly binds to microRNA156 (miR156)-targeted SQUAMOSA PROM...