Inertial navigation systems use dead-reckoning to estimate the pedestrian's position. There are two types of pedestrian dead-reckoning, the strapdown algorithm and the step-and-heading approach. Unlike the strapdown algorithm, which consists of the double integration of the three orthogonal accelerometer readings, the step-and-heading approach lacks the vertical displacement estimation. We prop...

Precise control of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) or MAV (Micro Aerial Vehicle), requires the accurate determination of vehicle orientation. Attitude and heading reference systems (AHRS) are popularly used for vehicle orientation determination. In these systems, Euler angle estimation is more appropriate than quaternion estimation because the accelerometer measurement and magnetometer measuremen...

The accuracy of magnetic heading sensor is reduced by the impact of manufacturing technology and local magnetic interferences. The singularity of constraint matrix in traditional calibration algorithm leads to unstable results. Therefore, an improved least-square ellipsoid fitting method is proposed in this paper. The error source and the deviation mathematical model are introduced. On the basi...

A complete error calibration model with 12 independent parameters is established by analyzing the three-axis magnetometer error mechanism. The said model conforms to an ellipsoid restriction, the parameters of the ellipsoid equation are estimated, and the ellipsoid coefficient matrix is derived. However, the calibration matrix cannot be determined completely, as there are fewer ellipsoid parame...

A computational architecture for direct estimation of heading direction from optic flow is proposed. By representing optic flow information as undulatory spatiotemporal patterns, global first-order differential analysis of the optic flow is reconducted to spatiotemporal filtering operations with local kernels characterized with respect to the fixation point (gaze). These operations can be mappe...

The ultimate goal of the MANET community is to provide a set of standardized protocols that can be both robust and scalable. This paper proposes routing protocol based on the best heading direction angle route. The protocol is designed to calculate the average of all heading direction angles in the route and find the best route from the source to the destination. We measure the performance of t...

Accurate descending control is crucial to ensure safe operation of space exploration vehicles. This work investigates automatic trajectory tracking control of space vehicles during landing phase. A set of algorithms for adjusting vehicle heading angle, heading speed and altitude are derived using adaptive robust and neural network control techniques. It is shown that with the proposed control a...

The current GPS signal structure and signal power levels are barely sufficient for indoor applications. Recent developments in high sensitivity receiver technology are promising for indoor positioning inside light structures such as wooden frame houses but generally not for concrete high rise buildings. Errors due to multipath and noise associated with weak indoor signals limit the accuracy and...