Due to the nonlinear coupling, assessing direct effect of temperature on magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal is a complicated task. If induces inner stress, it makes problem doubly difficult, so few models are available for predicting MFL under this condition. To model signal, temperature-dependent dipole proposed. In first case, where thermal involved only, improved via modified Jiles-Atherton ...

background: hydatidosis it is a zoonotic disease which is caused by the larval stages of different species of the tapeworms (cestoda) of genus echinococcus. currently, the surgery is most definitive method of treatment for hydatid cyst, but always there is the risk of leakage or rupture during the surgery, therefore it is considered unreliable method. methods: protoscoleces of hydatid cysts wer...

This paper describes a case study where a pipeline operator was faced with features in the pipe wall that proved difficult to conclusively identify. An ultrasonic (UT) pig inspection indicated that the pipeline contained numerous deep external defects. However, subsequent excavations indicated that the reported external defects were in fact mainly laminations and/or inclusions. To verify that t...

  Abstract   Background: Over the past 20 years, the minimally invasive endoscopic approach   has gained widespread acceptance. The study was performed to evaluate the   diagnostic method and the success rate of endoscopically diagnosed and treated CSF   rhinorrhea, and also investigations such as leakage site and etiologic factor.   Methods: This retrospective CSF leakage management review of ...

Pipelines are typically used to transport oil, natural gas, water, etc. It is one of the most effective methods for transferring fluids over long distances. However, long-term usage these pipes without maintenance results in formation residues, which will pave way pipeline accidents and soil contamination. To ensure safety protection resources, sustainable pipelines need be inspected avoid loss...

In order to analyze the leakage magnetic field and stray loss in power transformer, leakage magnetic field and stray loss in structure parts of a power transformer are calculated by three-dimensional (3-D) non-linear time harmonic finite element method (FEM). The results show that stray loss and loss density in structure parts are large and which may lead to local overheating and affect perform...

An incidental dural tear resulting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a complication of spinal surgery, with a reported incidence of between 0.3% and 16% (1, 2). The patient is likely to experience symptoms of CSF hypovolemia, including postural headache plus nausea, vomiting, pain or tightness in the neck or back, dizziness, diplopia, photophobia, tinnitus, and/or blurred vision. The usua...

The discrete Fourier transform (FT) is a conventional method for spatial reconstruction of chemical shifting imaging (CSI) data. Due to point spread function (PSF) effects, FT reconstruction leads to intervoxel signal leakage (Gibbs ringing). Spectral localization by imaging (SLIM) reconstruction was previously proposed to overcome this intervoxel signal contamination. However, the existence of...