Because of their ultrathin thickness, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit unique properties in different fields, such as electronics and catalysis. As one these materials, a 2D magnet is an ideal platform for fundamental physics research magnetic device development, making it widely studied. This review provides the details recent progress materials. First, characterization methods magnetism...

Due to their non-toxic nature, biodegradability and production from renewable resources, research has shown an increasing interest in the use of biosurfactants in a wide variety of applications. This paper reviews the characterization of rhamnolipid and sophorolipid biosurfactants based on their hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and their ability to form microemulsions with a range of oils without ...

The advent of high transverse field muon spin rotation (TF-μSR) has led to recent μSR investigations of the magnetic field response of cuprates above the superconducting transition temperature T(c). Here the results of such experiments on hole-doped cuprates are reviewed. Although these investigations are currently ongoing, it is clear that the effects of high field on the internal magnetic fie...

We report on Gd ion implantation and magnetic characterization of GaN films on sapphire substrates and of bare sapphire and Si substrates to shed light on the mechanism underlying the induced magnetism upon Gd ion implantation. For all three hosts, giant magnetic moments per Gd ion were observed at temperatures of 5 through 300 K. The maximum moment per Gd in GaN was 1800μB , while the moments ...

The magnetism of graphene has remained divergent and controversial due to absence of reliable experimental results. Here we show the intrinsic magnetism of graphene edge states revealed based on unidirectional aligned graphene sheets derived from completely carbonized SiC crystals. It is found that ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism and diamagnetism along with a probable superconductivity exist...

— The effects of magnetism on high pressure properties of transition metals and transition metal compounds can be quite important. In the case of Fe, magnetism is responsible for stability of the body-centered cubic (bcc) phase at ambient conditions, and the large thermal expansivity in face-centered cubic (fcc) iron, and also has large effects on the equation of state and elasticity of hexagon...

iron oxide minerals in soils provide valuable insights into pedogenic processes. a wealth of such information has been obtained by rock magnetic investigations on temperate soils but similar studies on tropical soils are rare. here, we report rock magnetic data on pristine soil profiles and surficial soils from five catchments in the tropical southern india and throw light on the pedogenic proc...

The parity of the number of atoms in finite antiferromagnetic nanowires deposited on ferromagnets is shown to be a crucial quantity determining their magnetic ground state. Relating results of the full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method for noncollinear magnetism from first principles to a Heisenberg model, we show that the magnetic structure changes dramatically across the entire nanowire...