Most organisms are simply diamagnetic, while magnetotactic bacteria and migratory animals are among organisms that exploit magnetism. Biogenic magnetization not only is of fundamental interest, but also has industrial potential. However, the key factor(s) that enable biogenic magnetization in coordination with other cellular functions and metabolism remain unknown. To address the requirements f...

In the context of MRI pulse sequences, the term “steady state” typically refers to the equilibrium condition that evolves when magnetization experiences a train of radiofrequency (RF) pulses. If RF pulses occur at broadly spaced intervals (TR≫T1), the magnetization recovers fully between pulses due to relaxation, and the steady-state is identical to the fully-relaxed magnetization, M0. In gener...

Sediments continuously record variations of the Earth's magnetic field and thus provide an important archive for studying the geodynamo. The recording process occurs as magnetic grains partially align with the geomagnetic field during and after sediment deposition, generating a depositional remanent magnetization (DRM) or post-DRM (PDRM). (P)DRM acquisition mechanisms have been investigated for...

The standard equilibrium equation for magnetized plasma is extended to account for the magnetization force. A factor of the pressure gradient arising from the magnetic decomposition of the Hall term survives the limit of vanishing magnetization and is canceled by a contribution from the magnetization force, such that the proposed equation reduces to the standard form in the free current limit. ...

in the current investigation, fe3o4 water-based nanofluids were synthesized to examine the effect of an alternative 3-d external magnetic field on its thermal behavioral pattern. a solvothermal method was used to prepare the magnetite nanoparticles. to characterize the nanoparticles, the study employed transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,...

Human prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolding of the prion protein. There are no useful biomarkers of disease progression. Cerebral cortex spongiform change, one of the classical pathological features of prion disease, resolves in prion-infected transgenic mice following prion protein gene knockout. We investigated the cross-sectional, longitudinal and post-mor...

Magnetization reversal of uniaxial Stoner particles under the Slonczewski spin-transfer torques of polarized electric currents is investigated. Based on the modified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of magnetization dynamics, the theoretical limit of critical currents required to reverse a magnetization with an arbitrary polarized current is obtained. Under a constant polarization degree and co...

We demonstrate a quasiballistic switching of the magnetization in a microscopic magnetoresistive memory cell. By means of time resolved magnetotransport, we follow the large angle precession of the free layer magnetization of a spin valve cell upon application of transverse magnetic field pulses. Stopping the field pulse after a 180 degrees precession rotation leads to magnetization reversal wi...