some applications are critical and must designed fault tolerant system. usually voting algorithm is one of the principle elements of a fault tolerant system. two kinds of voting algorithm are used in most applications, they are majority voting algorithm and weighted average algorithm these algorithms have some problems. majority confronts with the problem of threshold limits and voter of weight...

As an emerging technology, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has been extensively analyzed in the technical literature for implementing logic circuits; in this technology, the basic combinational circuit is the majority voter with three inputs. In this paper, the design of a logic gate which implements any combinational function of at most three input variables is presented. This type of gate...

We address the problem of detecting anti-majority opinionists using the value-weighted mixture voter (VwMV) model. This problem is motivated by the fact that some people have a tendency to disagree with any opinion expressed by the majority. We extend the value-weighted voter model to include this phenomenon with the anti-majoritarian tendency of each node as a new parameter, and learn this par...

N-modular redundancy (NMR) is commonly used to enhance the fault tolerance of a circuit/system, when subject to a fault-inducing environment such as in space or military systems, where upsets due to radiation phenomena, temperature and/or other environmental conditions are anticipated. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), which is a 3-tuple version of NMR, is widely preferred for mission-control sp...

Introduction: The highly reliable systems are often used in most critical applications like Bank transactions, Defense communications, Aerospace applications, etc. The loss will be enormous if these systems fail in the field, i.e., during the operating time. The circuit designers keep researching to build intelligent systems with reliability improvement by adding redundancy like hardware, softw...

The majority-voter model is studied by Monte Carlo simulations on hypercubic lattices of dimension d = 2 to 7 with periodic boundary conditions. critical exponents associated the finite-size scaling magnetic susceptibility are shown be compatible those Ising model. At 4, numerical data presence multiplicative logarithmic corrections. For ≥ 5, estimates close prediction d/2 when taking into acco...

This paper presents a new, efficient asynchronous early output majority voter that can be used to effectively realize an triple modular redundancy (TMR) implementation. For the input-output mode realization, dual-rail code was for data encoding and four phase return-to-zero return-to-one handshake schemes were separately communication. The proposed requires 62.8% less area dissipates 37% power ...