Problem: The sequential changes in the immunogenicity of spermatozoa in male reproductive tract and the effect of seminal vesicle secretions are long thought to act as central players in influencing immunological equilibrium in the male reproductive tract. Method of Study: Popliteal lymph nodes of mice were collected on the 8th day after sensitizing them with the testicular and epididymal sperm...

Background The objective was to determine how feeding fish oil (FO) with or without vitamin E (VITE) for mothers influences reproductive organs of male offspring at weaning. MaterialsAndMethods Sex cells as well as testes length, width and weight was lower (P

Research on seminal fluid proteins is providing fundamental insights into the interactive evolution of male and female reproductive strategies. Two new studies demonstrate, first, how an influential male sex peptide in Drosophila is delivered to the female bound directly onto sperm cells, and second, that its subsequent release has significant reproductive costs for females.

introduction toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important pathogen that has adverse effect on reproductive function. evidence acquisition recent studies revealed that infection with t. gondii not only affect female reproduction, also cause male reproductive impairment. in clinical studies, high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sterile men has been reported. in animal models, toxoplasmosis is as...

fertility in the male is dependent on the proper production of sperm cells. this process, called spermatogenesis is very complex and involves the synchronization of numerous factors. the presence of pro–inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf–α), interleukin–1 alpha (il–1 α) and interleukin 1 beta (il–1 β) cytokines in the male reproductive tract (testis, epididymis and sperm) ...

Male infertility accounts for about 50% of infertility cases [1]. Anatomic, genetic, endocrinological, environmental, behavioral and nutritional imbalances are critical causes of male infertility [2-5]. Therapeutic drugs can also adversely affect male fertility by injuring testicular cells or instigate hormonal changes that lead to decreased semen quality (Figure 1) thereby compromising the pro...