Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are used worldwide to protect agricultural crops and dwellings. These chemicals phosphorylate diverse serine hydrolases, including acetylcholinesterase. Among them, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), components of the endocannabinoid signaling system (ECS) in male reproductive organs, are candidate targets of OP insecticide-i...

Understanding of the development of the reproductive organs is essential to the evaluation of abnormalities in sexual differentiation. Recent advances resulting from application of genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructural techniques have helped to clarify the mechanisms regulating gonadal and reproductive tract development. The present review considers the major processes of sexual differentia...

serovar-specific real-time pcr for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) was conductedto detect the genomic dna of s. enteritidis from laying goose after subcutaneous vaccination at differenttime points. indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique and immunohistochemical localization wereemployed to validate the results. the results showed that s. enteritidis was consistent...

The entry tropism of HIV-1 Env proteins from virus isolated from the blood and genital tract of five men with compartmentalized lineages was determined. The Env proteins isolated from the genital tract of subject C018 were macrophage-tropic proteins, while the remaining cloned env genes encoded R5 T cell-tropic proteins. The detection of a macrophage-tropic lineage of HIV-1 within the male geni...

Data on the concentrations of didanosine (ddI) and tenofovir (TFV) in seminal plasma are sparse. Subtherapeutic drug concentrations within the lumen of the male genital tract may have implications for selection and transmission of drug-resistant HIV strains. On the other hand, sufficient penetration of these drugs into the male genital tract has potential toxic effects on the spermatozoa and th...

BACKGROUND The variety of health problems (patient mix) that medical trainees encounter is presumed to be sufficient to master the required competencies. AIM To describe the patient mix of GP trainees, to study differences in patient mix between first-year and third-year GP trainees, and to investigate differences in exposure to sex-specific diseases between male and female trainees. DESIGN...

A pair of kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, as well as the RIPK3 substrate MLKL cause a form of programmed necrotic cell death in mammals termed necroptosis. We report here that male reproductive organs of both Ripk3- and Mlkl-knockout mice retain 'youthful' morphology and function into advanced age, while those of age-matched wild-type mice deteriorate. The RIPK3 phosphorylation of MLKL, the activatio...