In cultured neuroblastoma cells, hypoxia induces a dedifferentiated phenotype. We tested whether hypoxia-induced dedifferentiation also occurs in vivo in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ with its well-defined lesions and distinct areas of necrosis. Ductal carcinoma in situ cells surrounding the central necrosis have high hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha protein levels, down-regulated estrogen re...

Hamartoma of the breast is an uncommon lesion. Although it can possess characteristic radiological features, the pathological appearance is not distinctive. Hamartoma is generally considered benign, but four cases have been reported with ductal and lobular carcinoma arising in hamartomas. This report describes further cases of hamartoma from which ductal carcinoma in situ arose, with one showin...

We present what is believed to be the first report of heterogeneous carcinoma arising from breast ductal adenoma. A 57-year-old woman presented with a nodule in her right breast. Histological examination of a vacuum-assisted biopsy specimen revealed epithelial tubular proliferation and papillary apocrine epithelium. The myoepithelial cells lining the tubules were confirmed by immunohistochemist...

Introduction: Apocrine carcinoma (AC) is an uncommon variant of breast carcinoma. The incidence of apocrine carcinoma is approximately 4% of mammary carcinomas. Case Series: In this study five cases of apocrine breast carcinoma were identified. Three cases of apocrine breast carcinoma with infiltrating (IF) AC and two cases with intraductal (ID) AC. The cytologic featuers showed large malignant...

BACKGROUND To date, the clinical presentation and prognosis of mixed ductal/lobular mammary carcinomas has not been well studied, and little is known about the outcome of this entity. Thus, best management practices remain undetermined due to a dearth of knowledge on this topic. METHODS In this paper, we present a clinicopathologic analysis of patients at our institution with this entity and ...

Mammary Paget's disease is a rare presentation of breast cancer. At clinical examination, it is characterized by skin lesions of the nipple-areola complex, almost always a sign of malignancy. In fact, it is often associated with an underlying mammary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma. An underlying carcinoma is also common in women with negative mammography and ultrasound (U...

PURPOSE to evaluate the agreement between histopathologic diagnoses of breast lesions made by general pathologists and by a specialist in breast pathology. METHODS a cohort retrospective study comparing histopathologic diagnoses of 329 cases of breast lesions received in consultation for a second opinion was carried out. The material received for consultation included slides (152 cases), para...

A 74-year-old female with a known mammary hamartoma in the inner right breast presented palpable lump left breast. Bilateral diagnostic mammogram (Figure 1) and targeted US 2) were performed. On imaging, workup was negative. Incidentally noted developing asymmetry within lower 1). Targeted showed circumscribed solid lesion mixed hyperechoic hypoechoic components, consistent at 4 o’clock Within ...