Salmonella FliI is the ATPase that drives flagellar protein export. It normally exists as a complex together with the regulatory protein FliH. A fliH null mutant was slightly motile, with overproduction of FliI resulting in substantial improvement of its motility. Mutations in the cytoplasmic domains of FlhA and FlhB, which are integral membrane components of the type III flagellar export appar...

South African trade policy has exerted a major influence on the composition and aggregate growth of trade. In the Apartheid period, trade protection seriously impeded both exports and imports, and the economy depended on favorable global commodity price trends to avoid running into an external constraint. South Africa developed a comparative advantage in capital-intensive primary and manufactur...

In recent years, the trading contact between China and South Korea has become more and more close. In the 21st anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea 2013, China has become South Korea’s largest export market and largest import market. At the same time, South Korea has become China’s fourth largest exporter and second largest importer of foreign t...

South African trade policy has exerted a major influence on the composition and aggregate growth of trade. In the Apartheid period, trade protection seriously impeded both exports and imports, and the economy depended on favorable global commodity price trends to avoid running into an external constraint. South Africa developed a comparative advantage in capital-intensive primary and manufactur...

The aim of the study was to investigate the bioavailability of a generic product of 500 mg cefuroxime axetil film-coated tablets (test) as compared to that of a branded product (reference) at the same strength to determine bioequivalence and to apply for regulatory approval. The secondary objective of the study was to evaluate tolerability of both products. A double blinded, randomized, crossov...

This study examines whether trade agreements promoted under the ASEAN+6 over period 2007-2017 supported creation and/or diversion effects within three export product groups, namely, manufactured goods, primary products, and natural resources-based goods. Using a gravity model, we note that products offer pure (greater intra-bloc extra-bloc trade). Manufactured experienced in extrabloc exports, ...

The circulation of substandard medicines in the developing world is a serious clinical and public health concern. Problems include under or over concentration of ingredients, contamination, poor quality ingredients, poor stability and inadequate packaging. There are multiple causes. Drugs manufactured for export are not regulated to the same standard as those for domestic use, while regulatory ...

Using unique recently released nationally representative high-quality longitudinal data at the plant level, this paper presents the first comprehensive evidence on the relationship between exports and productivity for Germany, a leading actor on the world market for manufactured goods. It applies and extends the now standard approach from the international literature to document that the positi...

This paper presents a comprehensive and integrated set of validation procedures to assess the satisfactoriness of measurement models of multifaceted constructs. The validation framework is then applied to a new measurement model of the economic domain of export performance, a construct for which agreement has not yet been reached in the literature concerning the appropriate representation of it...

In over three decades, Bangladesh has witnessed substantial growth in its export of goods and services. Over this period economic growth has accelerated withGDP initially recording an average growth rate of below 3% in the early 1970s and rising to 5% during the 1990s. The trade and industry policies have changed from being highly import substituting and government controlled to become more lib...