Zonal-mean storm-track shifts in response to perturbations in climate occur even in idealized simulations of dry atmospheres with axisymmetric forcing. Nonetheless, a generally accepted theory of the mechanisms controlling the storm-track shifts is still lacking. Here, mean available potential energy (MAPE), a general measure of baroclinicity that is proportional to the square of the Eady growt...

Runtime monitoring is essential for the violation detection during the underlying software system execution. In this paper, an investigation of the monitoring activity of MAPE-K control loop is performed which aims at exploring:(1) the architecture of the monitoring activity in terms of the involved components and control and data flow between them; (2) the standard interface of the monitoring ...

Economists are often tasked with estimating the benefits or costs associated with livestock production losses; however, lack of available data or absence of consistent reporting can reduce the accuracy of these valuations. This work looks at three potential estimation techniques for determining the value for replacement beef cows with varying types of market data to proxy constrained data avail...

We present a Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model for the quintessential keystone predator, the rocky-intertidal sea star Pisaster ochraceus. Based on first principles, DEB theory is used to illuminate underlying physiological processes (maintenance, growth, development, and reproduction), thus providing a framework to predict individual-level responses to environmental change. We parameterized th...

Vegetation moisture and dry matter content are important indicators in predicting the behavior of fire and it is widely used in fire spread models. In this study, leaf fuel moisture content such as Live Fuel Moisture Content (LFMC), Leaf Relative Water Content (RWC), Dead Fuel Moisture Content (DFMC), and Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) (hereinafter known as moisture content indices (MCI)) were ...

BACKGROUND Physical activity tracking wearable devices have emerged as an increasingly popular method for consumers to assess their daily activity and calories expended. However, whether these wearable devices are valid at different levels of exercise intensity is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) validity of 3 popular wr...

VoIP is very useful but it there are quality issues when delays or losses occur in the network. Thus, VoIP quality assessment for voice quality assurance or improvement is important. Voice quality assessment is mainly divided into objective and subjective methods. However, several researchers prefer subjective methods to objective methods because the term ‘voice quality’ is very subjective. Acc...

BACKGROUND Wearable sensors enable long-term monitoring of health and wellbeing indicators. An objective evaluation of sensors' accuracy is important, especially for their use in health care. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use a wrist-worn optical heart rate (OHR) device to estimate heart rate (HR), energy expenditure (EE), and maximal oxygen intake capacity (VO2Max) during running an...