The repeal of the British Combination Laws in 1824 is generally considered by historians as landmark modern trade unionism, and has been attributed to contributions classical political economists. In sole article that addressed this issue field history economic thought, William Grampp reached opposite conclusion, according which influence economists (John Ramsay McCulloch, David Ricardo, Thomas...

A cynic knows the price of everything and the value of nothing. Oscar Wilde’s bon mot expresses how some environmentalists and philosophers view the guild of climate economists. Admittedly, this perception is an exaggeration and in many cases misleading. Nevertheless there lies some truth in it. At first glance, climate economists focus primarily on the costs of emission reduction and underesti...

A cynic knows the price of everything and the value of nothing. Oscar Wilde’s bon mot expresses how some environmentalists and philosophers view the guild of climate economists. Admittedly, this perception is an exaggeration and in many cases misleading. Nevertheless there lies some truth in it. At first glance, climate economists focus primarily on the costs of emission reduction and underesti...

The paper discusses the views of British classical economists David Hume, Adam Smith and Ricardo on international trade liberalisation. While they were in favour free trade, did not unconditionally subscribers to doctrine, but tied it condition competition. As insisted with regard East India Company, a trading monopoly, was "ruinous destructive" several other countries. German economist Friedri...

The classical economic approach to policy analysis assumes that people always respond optimally to the costs and benefits of their available choices. A great deal of evidence suggests, however, that in some contexts people make errors that lead them not to behave in their own best interests. Economic policy prescriptions might change once we recognize that humans are humanly rational rather tha...

In this essay we marshal evidence suggesting that Einstein gravity may be an emergent phenomenon, one that is not “fundamental” but rather is an almost automatic low-energy long-distance consequence of a wide class of theories. Specifically, the emergence of a curved spacetime “effective Lorentzian geometry” is a common generic result of linearizing a classical scalar field theory around some n...