Permanent facial paralysis is a catastrophic event for involved patients. In long lasting paralysis with severe facial muscles atrophy, masseter muscle transfer is a very good choice. But its greatest problem is postoperative elongation of flap and gradual diminishing of early results and loss of symmetry. This article advocate a new modification for resolving this problem with concomitant el...

BACKGROUND A patient's sex is likely to play an important role in facial paralysis reanimation, with women being superior in terms of development of brain plasticity after reanimation. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of movement dissociation and spontaneity of men versus women reanimated with gracilis transfer neurotized to the masseteric nerve. METHODS We conducted a retros...

Although the effects of oral respiration on the growth and development of craniofacial structure have been studied previously, little is known about how altered respiration affects the activity of the jaw-closing muscles. Obstruction of the nasal airway in the cat significantly inhibited the masseteric stretch reflex and discharges of masseteric motor units but did not affect the electromyograp...

Masseter muscle hypertrophy is a rare condition of unknown cause which is important in the differential diagnosis of head and neck masses, located in the cheek. Several treatment options reported for masseter hypertrophy, which range from simple pharmacotherapy to more invasive surgical reduction. Botulinum toxin type A is a powerful neurotoxin which is produced by the anaerobic organism Clostr...

BACKGROUND The use of facial cross-grafting in acquired recent unilateral facial palsy provides spontaneity and emotional activation. Masseteric nerve for facial animation has mainly been described for reinnervation of neuromuscular transplants, babysitter procedures, or direct facial nerve cooptation. The simultaneous use in a single procedure of cross-facial nerve grafting and masseteric coop...

BACKGROUND Marginal mandibular nerve injuries are more likely to be symptomatic than other facial nerve injuries following facelift procedures. The marginal mandibular nerve courses over the facial artery in the region of the mandible. The nerve is most susceptible to injury in this location because it lies superficial to the anterior facial artery. OBJECTIVES The authors describe the locatio...

introduction: the thyroid hormones have profound effects on the development of neuromuscular system. these hormones exert their influence on both muscle fibers and related motoneurons during development. the masseter is one of the most important muscles for mastication in mammals. we attempted to evaluate the effect of thyroid hormone deficiency on the morphological characteristics of masseteri...

Botulinum toxin is a new method for treating masseteric hypertrophy, which offers many advantages over conventional surgical treatment. We describe the successful outpatient medical management of two patients with masseteric hypertrophy using botulinum toxin type A. No significant side effects occurred and the patients were satisfied cosmetically six months after the treatment.

CONTEXT Facial palsy is a common problem encountered in clinical practice. These patients suffer serious functional, cosmetic & psychological problems with impaired ability to communicate. Functional problems around the eye are usually a first priority for the patient with facial palsy.The nerve to masseter as a direct nerve transfer to the zygomatic branch of facial nerve to reinnervate viable...

Cortically evoked rhythmic mastication was variously modified by stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve and by elicitation of reflex swallowing in rabbits under light ether anesthesia.The recording of the unitary activity was made from motoneurons in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve or from motor fibers in the trigeminal nerve to study the neural mechanism subserving such modifica...