253 Background: cPMP is chronic pain in the front thorax, axilla, and/or upper half of the arm beginning after mastectomy or lumpectomy persisting > 3 months after treatment and presents with pain, allodynia and disability. cPMP occurs in half of all patients with breast cancer and is severe in 13% (Gartner R JAMA 2009). Epidural bupivacaine, memantine, gabapentin or venlafaxine may help preven...

OBJECTIVES To provide updated information on the role of botulinum toxins in the treatment of refractory pain based on prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. DESIGN OF THE REVIEW: Class I and class II articles were searched online through PubMed (1966 to the end of January 2011) and OvidSP including ahead-of-print manuscripts. RESULTS Level A evidence (two or more ...

Music therapy has been used in multiple health care settings to reduce patient pain, anxiety, and stress. However, few available studies have investigated its effect on pain among breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of music therapy on pain reduction in patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy. This randomized controlled ...

Background: Post-Mastectomy Pain (PPMP) and fatigue are common conditions that can follow surgeries for breast cancer, the most cancer in women. The progressive muscle relaxation technique appears to be effective, affordable, low-risk, adaptable, simple use. Because of frequency PPMP its potential severity, it has received increasing research attention. Aim: To evaluate effectiveness techniques...

Breast reconstruction with tissue expander is known to be the most painful procedure among breast surgical procedures and is more painful than mastectomy or axillary dissection [1]. This fact was confirmed with National Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Audit in England in 2011 [2]. Severe pain was traditionally treated with intravenous narcotic analgesia. We are still searching for more eff...

breast reconstruction (br) surgery is not common for the treatment of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries, including iran. we evaluated the quality of life (qol) in iranian breast cancer patients who underwent br at the cancer institute of iran. we compared patients who had br with breast cancer patients who had a radical mastectomy as the control group, matched for age, and time ...

AIM This study aimed to determine findings of axillary view mammogram (MMG) and ultrasound (USG) of the ipsilateral side in post-mastectomy patients and to document difficulty level in performing the axillary view and patients' pain level during the procedure. METHODS Post-mastectomy patients who had MMG and USG on follow-up during an 18-months period were included. The MMG and USG findings o...