Complex functional materials with three-dimensional micro- or nano-scale dynamic compositional features are prevalent in nature. However, the generation of three-dimensional functional materials composed of both soft and rigid microstructures, each programmed by shape and composition, is still an unsolved challenge. Here we describe a method to code complex materials in three-dimensions with tu...

Recent work (Kojima, 1947 a; Bremner, 1949) has shown that a considerable fraction of the organic nitrogen of soil is in the form of protein, about onethird of it being liberated as Oc-amino nitrogen by acid or alkaline hydrolysis. No method of separating this protein material from other soil constituents has yet been found and information about its amino-acid composition is scattered and incom...

Proof: Let R1 and R2 denote the instances of a region R in I1 and I2. In order to detect the entire region R, at least one descriptor d1 ∈ R1 has to randomly sample its correct match d2 ∈ R2 (following which the entire region will be ‘grown’ due to the propagation phase of the Region Growing Algorithm described in Section 4). So, the probability of detecting a region is equal to the probability...

We report the compositional engineering of silicongermanium planar microstructures through laser processing. The effects of the laser treatment are assessed through microscope imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Our results reveal that the laser-exposed regions display a significant change in the material

A key difference between the LMDP and standard MDPs is the fact that the cost function must include the KL term penalizing deviation from the ‘passive dynamics.’ While this may seem limiting, most domains of interest have some notion of ‘efficient’ actions, making a control cost a reasonably natural and universal phenomenon. Indeed, we suggest that for many real-world domains the standard MDP f...

Lumber, a heterogeneous, anisotropic material produced from sawing logs, contains a varying number of randomly dispersed, unusable areas (defects) distributed over each boards’ surface area. Each board’s quality is determined by the frequency and distribution of these defects and the board’s dimension. Typically, the industry classifies lumber into five quality classes, ranking board quality in...

Solid-state nanopores fabricated by a high-intensity electron beam in ceramic membranes can be fine-tuned on three-dimensional geometry and composition by choice of materials and beam sculpting conditions. For similar beam conditions, 8 nm diameter nanopores fabricated in membranes containing SiO(2) show large depletion areas (70 nm in radius) with small sidewall angles (55 degrees ), whereas t...

D. Dobrotă, C. Iancu, Engineering Faculty, “Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu-Jiu, Romania This paper presents the results of the main changes in the chemical composition of the material, and changes in its hardness. The changes in terms of chemical composition refer primarily to changes in concentration of sulfur and carbon, and in terms of hardness material change there can be noticed ...

The lipid and lignin compositions of woods from the eucalypt species Eucalyptus globulus, E. nitens, E. maidenii, E. grandis, and E. dunnii have been characterized. The lipid composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS using shortand medium-length high-temperature capillary columns, which allowed the detection of intact highmolecular-weight compounds. Similar lipid compositions were observed in al...