The separation of the first two lineages - trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) - is a crucial event in the development of the early embryo. The ICM, which constitutes the pluripotent founder cell population, develops into the embryo proper, whereas the TE, which comprises the surrounding outer layer, supports the development of the ICM before and after implantation. Cdx2, the first tra...

Different types of disasters, whether natural or human in character, lead to the significant loss lives. In latter case, quick action identification corpses and remains is mandatory. There are a variety protocols identify victims; however, genetics one tools that allows an exact victim. However, several factors may interfere with this identification, from biological samples’ degradation not all...

Axis specification and segment determination in dipteran insects are an excellent model system for comparative analyses of gene network evolution. Antero-posterior polarity of the embryo is established through systems of maternal morphogen gradients. In Drosophila melanogaster, the anterior system acts through opposing gradients of Bicoid (Bcd) and Caudal (Cad), while the posterior system invol...

The genetic testing for paternity is based on autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers, and the genetic relatedness is statistically presented. However, when the typical testing does not guarantee the paternal relationship, additional genetic analysis can be introduced to improve the result. Generally, additional STR typing with increased number of markers is performed to increase the power ...

The Lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from the Lanyu Islet, which is southeast of Taiwan. Two herds of Lanyu pigs were introduced from the Lanyu Islet into Taiwan in 1975 and 1980. The current population of conserved Lanyu pigs consists of only 44 animals with unknown genetic lineage. The Lanyu pig possesses a distinct maternal genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pigs. The present stu...

A growing body of research focuses on multigenerational mobility, but few studies show how grandparents’ gender and gender-specific lineage (paternal vs. maternal side) are differentially associated with the process status transmissions across generations. This article uses data from Health Retirement Study 1992–2018 (N = 15,623) to examine differences in grandparent-grandchild education associ...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which exhibits a maternal inheritance and a high rate of evolution, has been widely used as a genetic marker when analyzing maternal lineage and inferring phylogenetic relationships among species. In this study, mtDNA variations among four classical (BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6J and DBA/2) and three Chinese (TA2, 615 and T739) inbred strains of laboratory mice were analyzed ...

To examine whether demographic and life-history traits are correlated with genetic structure, we contrasted mtDNA lineages of individual humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) with sighting and reproductive histories of female humpback whales between 1979 and 1995. Maternal lineage haplotypes were obtained for 323 whales, either from direct sequencing of the mtDNA control region (n = 159) or ...

Background: Aberrant expression of cross-lineage antigens gives valuable insight into the diagnosis and prognosis of acute leukemia. In countries like India, cytogenetic tests are widely accessible. Exploring the prognostic value of an accessible test is of great importance. Therefore, establishing a population-specific immunophenotype database will enable to design an antibody panel equipped t...