An association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring obesity has been reported. This study assessed the impact of maternal smoking during the first trimester. Data on 4,974 German children aged 5-6 years were obtained at school entry health examinations in 2001-2002 in Bavaria. Obesity was defined by body mass index using International Obesity Task Force cutpoints. Prevalence ...

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and the rates have more than doubled since 1980 (1). World Health Organization (WHO) defines overweight and obesity as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health” (1). Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to classify overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2), and super obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2) (2). WHO...

BACKGROUND Obesity among pregnant women is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated in a linear manner with markedly increased risk of adverse outcome for mother and infant. Obesity in the mother may also independently confer risk of obesity to her child. The role of maternal metabolism in determining these outcomes and the potential for lifestyle modification are largely unknown. METHODS...

CONTEXT The prevalence of maternal obesity has been increasing dramatically in the recent years (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2). Maternal obesity is associated with an unequivocal increase in maternal and fetal complications of pregnancy and more than that, these complications also extend beyond fetal life in childhood and adulthood. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal and ne...

Prenatal development is recognized as a critical period in the etiology of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Potential strategies to reduce maternal obesity-induced risk later in life have been largely overlooked. In this paper, we first propose a conceptual framework for the role of public health and preventive medicine in mitigating the effects of fetal programming. Second, we review a sma...

This review, conducted by the Saskatchewan Prevention Institute (Prevention Institute), aimed to: (a) examine the relationship between maternal obesity and pregnancy outcomes (i.e., maternal outcomes and neonatal, infant and child outcomes); and (b) assess the association between excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and pregnancy outcomes (i.e., maternal outcomes and neonatal, infant and chi...

DISCLOSURE There was no conflict of interest or financial support ABSTRACT Background: Maternal weight is one of the factors that influence obstetric outcome. Women therefore should enter pregnancy with a weight within the normal body mass index category, and stay within the recommended gestational weight gain guidelines for optimal outcome. The limited data on maternal obesity and its contribu...

Objective Our primary objective was to assess the difference in amino and fatty acid biomarkers throughout pregnancy in women with and without obesity. Interactions between biomarkers and obesity status for associations with maternal and fetal metabolic measures were secondarily analyzed. Methods Overall 39 women (15 cases, 24 controls) were enrolled in this study during their 15- to 20-weeks' ...