This study attempts to elucidate the emission sources and mechanisms of nitrous oxide (N2O) during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process under oxygen-limiting condition. The results indicated that N2O emitted during low-oxygen SND process was 0.8±0.1 mgN/gMLSS, accounting for 7.7% of the nitrogen input. This was much higher than the reported results from conventional nitr...

The distribution of the sequence of ranked maximum and minimum values attained during excursions of a standard Brownian bridge Bbr t 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 is described. The height Mbr+ j of the jth highest maximum over a positive excursion of the bridge has the same distribution as Mbr+ 1 /j, where the distribution of Mbr+ 1 = sup0≤t≤1 Bbr t is given by Lévy’s formula P Mbr+ 1 > x = e−2x 2 . The probabilit...

Bacteria, yeast and human cancer cells possess mechanisms of mutagenesis upregulated by stress responses. Stress-inducible mutagenesis potentially accelerates adaptation, and may provide important models for mutagenesis that drives cancers, host pathogen interactions, antibiotic resistance and possibly much of evolution generally. In Escherichia coli repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) become...

The removal of trace organics by a membrane bioreactor-granular activated carbon (MBR-GAC) integrated system were investigated. The results confirmed that MBR treatment can be effective for the removal of hydrophobic (log D>3.2) and readily biodegradable trace organics. The data also highlighted the limitation of MBR in removing hydrophilic and persistent compounds (e.g. carbamazepine, diclofen...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) has varying clinical (MSA-P versus MSA-C) and pathological [striatonigral degeneration (SND) versus olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA)] phenotypes. To investigate the spectrum of clinicopathological correlations, we performed a semi-quantitative pathological analysis of 100 MSA cases with well-characterized clinical phenotypes. In 24 areas, chosen from both the st...

The effectiveness of a full scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) in the removal of bacteriophages and bacterial fecal indicators from municipal wastewater was compared with that obtained by conventional activated sludge process (CASP). Somatic coliphages (SOMCPH) and F-RNA specific bacteriophages (FRNAPH) were always detected in the pre-treated effluent (mean: 6Log10), while phages infecting Bactero...

The development and application of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for fullscale municipal wastewater treatment is the most important recent technological advance in terms of biological wastewater treatment. The MBR is a suspended growth-activated sludge system that utilizes microporous membranes for solid/liquid separation instead of secondary clarifiers. It represents a decisive step forward conc...

Introduction MBRs (membrane bioreactors) are a recent innovation of the activated sludge process, which eliminates many constraints associated with the traditional gravity settling. Nevertheless, it suffer membrane fouling. The colloidal and macromolecular fraction of MBR sludge has been reported as the main foulant of MBR systems. SMP can be classified into BAP (biomass associated products) an...

A combined approach of treating domestic wastewater using microbial fuel cell (MFC) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been developed as a promising and reliable technology of wastewater treatment. Treatment of wastewater in a single stage MFC has limitation to achieve the required treatment efficiency and utilize the effluent for irrigation or any other possible reuse without further treatment....