BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a significant global health concern. The most important risk factor for the development of MDR-TB is previous anti-tuberculosis therapy. Category II pulmonary TB includes those patients who had failed previous TB treatment, relapsed after treatment, or defaulted during previous treatment. We carried out this study ...

OBJECTIVE Previous tuberculosis (TB) treatment status is an established risk factor for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). This study explores which factors related to previous TB treatment may lead to the development of multidrug resistant in Bangladesh. DESIGN We previously conducted a large case-control study to identify risk factors for developing MDR-TB in Bangladesh. Patients who had a hi...

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is posing a great threat to global TB control. The burden in Zambia is not well defined because routine surveillance data are scarce. We reviewed national MDR-TB data for the last decade to inform future public health policy with respect to MDR-TB in Zambia. METHOD Retrospective review of national surveillance of MDR-TB data, TB programme a...

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) resulting from various factors has raised serious public health concerns worldwide. Identifying the ecological risk factors associated with MDR-TB is critical to its prevention and control. This study aimed to explore the association between the development of MDR-TB and the risk factors at the group-level (ecological risk factors) in China. ...

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a public health concern. TB that drug-resistant to rifampin and isoniazid known as MDR-TB, whereas XDR-TB MDR-TB also resistant second-line medicines, such fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin). rifampin-resistant (RR-TB), of which 78 percent had multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) (MDR-TB). Fluoroquinolones are class broad-spectrum antimicrobials have...

CONTEXT Between 1994 and 2003, tuberculosis (TB) cases in California declined 33% (4834 to 3224). However, in 2003 California reported the largest number of cases in the nation, and over the past decade the proportion of cases with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has not decreased. OBJECTIVE To describe the magnitude, trends, geographic distribution, clinical characteristics, risk f...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of human suffering and death. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have emerged as threats to TB control. The association between MDR-TB and HIV infection has not yet been fully investigated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the ev...

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is resistant to both rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). Whereas many TB diagnostics detect RIF-resistance, few detect INH-monoresistance, which is common and may increase risk of acquired MDR-TB. Whether inclusion of INH-resistance in a first-line rapid test for TB would have an important impact on MDR-TB rates remains uncertain. METHODS...

Peng et al.[1] reported that the MDR‐TB burden among the new tuberculosis (TB) patients accounted for more than 1/4th of all multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) cases in the past 5 years in Zhejiang province, although the identified rate of MDR‐TB among 9830 new TB cases was only 2.0%. Drug‐resistant TB, especially MDR‐TB, is a major threat to the control of TB worldwide. However, due to high cost ...

BACKGROUND Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP), Andhra Pradesh, India. There is limited information on whether MDR-TB suspects are identified, undergo diagnostic assessment and are initiated on treatment according to the programme guidelines. OBJECTIVES To assess i) using the programme definition, the number and proportion of MDR-TB suspects in a large cohort of TB patients on first...