Mechanical ventilation is necessary to support patients with acute lung injury, but also exacerbates injury through mechanical stress-activated signaling pathways. We show that stretch applied to cultured human cells, and to mouse lungs in vivo, induces robust expression of metallothionein, a potent antioxidant and cytoprotective molecule critical for cellular zinc homeostasis. Furthermore, gen...

purpose every sport has a unique profile of injury and risk of injury. in recent years, there have been numerous attempts at conducting injury prevention trials for specific injuries or for injuries within specific sports to provide evidence useful to the sports medicine and sport community. football has been a focus of a number of randomized injury prevention trials. methods medline was search...

Mechanical ventilation in patients with respiratory failure has been associated with secondary lung injury, termed ventilator-induced lung injury. Extracorporeal venovenous carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) appears to be a feasible means to facilitate more protective mechanical ventilation or potentially avoid mechanical ventilation in select patient groups. With this expanding role of ECCO2R, we...

natriuretic peptide (ANP) on hemodynamics, pulmonary gas exchange, and urine volume during mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients with acute lung injury. Design: Prospective, randomized, comparable study. Setting: ICU of a university hospital. Patients: Forty patients with moderate acute lung injury (lung injury score ^2.0) who required mechanical ventil...

There is much evidence supporting the hypothesis that magnitude of nerve root mechanical injury affects the nature of the physiological responses which can contribute to pain in lumbar radiculopathy. Specifically, injury magnitude has been shown to modulate behavioral hypersensitivity responses in animal models of radiculopathy. However, no study has determined the mechanical deformation thresh...

Human acute lung injury is characterized by heterogeneous tissue involvement, leading to the potential for extremes of mechanical stress and tissue injury when mechanical ventilation, required to support critically ill patients, is employed. Our goal was to establish whether regional cellular responses to these disparate local mechanical conditions could be determined as a novel approach toward...

Tendons primarily function as contractile force transmitters, but their mechanical properties may change dependent upon their level of mechanical usage. Using an ultrasound-based technique we have assessed tendon mechanical properties in vivo in a number of conditions representing different levels of mechanical usage. Ageing alters tendon mechanical properties; stiffness and modulus were lower ...

In a primary spinal cord injury, the amount of mechanical compression insult that the neurons experience is one of the most critical factors in determining the extent of the injury. The ultrastructural changes that neurons undergo when subjected to mechanical compression are largely unknown. In the present study, using a compression-driven instrument that can simulate mechanical compression ins...

BACKGROUND A sudden mechanical insult to the spinal cord is usually caused by changing pressure on the surface of the spinal cord. Most of these insults are mechanical force injuries, and their mechanism of injury to the spinal cord is largely unknown. METHODS Using a compression-driven instrument to simulate mechanical force, we applied mechanical pressure of 0.5 MPa to rat dorsal root gangl...

BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic dysfunction found in the patients with acute lung injury required prolonged mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation can induce production of inflammatory cytokines and excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins via up-regulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Lumican is known to participate in TGF-β1 signaling during wound healing. The mechanisms...