The aim of this study was to explore the hierarchical arrangement of structural properties in cortical and trabecular bone and to determine a mathematical model that accurately predicts the tissue's mechanical properties as a function of these indices. By using a variety of analytical techniques, we were able to characterize the structural and compositional properties of cortical and trabecular...

Vickers microhardness tests were used to gauge the mechanical "competence" (ability to resist bending and failure) of cortical and trabecular bone along the humeri of three bird species. Hardness was greatest at the mid-length portion of the shaft. The mean hardness of trabeculae, where present, was between 78.7 and 90.9% of that of the adjacent cortical bone. The possible causes of this are br...

The vertebrate skeleton is an adaptive structure that responds to mechanical stimuli by increasing bone mass under increased mechanical loads. Although experimental animal models have shown the anabolic cortical bone response to applied load decreases with age, no consensus exists regarding whether this adaptive mechanism is affected by age in cancellous bone, the tissue most impacted by age-re...

Under normal conditions, loading activities result in microdamage in the living skeleton, which is repaired by bone remodeling. However, microdamage accumulation can affect the mechanical properties of bone and increase the risk of fracture. This study aimed to determine the effect of microdamage on the mechanical properties and composition of bone. Fourteen male goats aged 28 months were used ...

The fatigue properties of trabecular bone tissue (single trabeculae) and similarly sized cortical bone specimens from human tibia were experimentally determined on a microstructural level using four-point bending cyclic tests, and they were compared based on modulus, mineral density, and microstructural characteristics. The results showed that trabecular specimens had significantly lower moduli...

objective(s): the aim of this study was to observe the influence of phytoestrogen α-zearalanol on ovariectomy-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis in rats. materials and methods:40 sd female rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, ovx group (ovariectomized and fed estrogen), α-zearalanol group (ovariectomized and fed α-zearalanol) and untreated group (ovariectomized). three week...

Orthodontic miniscrews are widely used as temporary anchorage devices to facilitate orthodontic movements. Miniscrew loosening is a common problem, which usually occurs during the first two weeks of treatment. Macrodesign can affect the stability of a miniscrew by changing its diameter, length, thread pitch, thread shape, tapering angle and so on. In this study, a 3-D finite element analysis wa...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the interrelationships between parameters assessed with the use of a computed tomography technique and mechanical properties of the tibia in male turkeys at different stages of skeletal development. Healthy male turkeys (N = 120) were kept under standard rearing conditions and randomly selected from the farm flock at the age of 4, 8, 12, and 20 weeks of life...

Bone changes its structural and physical properties during maturation. In order to validate ultrasound measurements with regard to their usefulness in assessing cortical bone maturation, speed of sound (SOS) data were compared with mechanical properties (elastic modulus, bending strength, and cortical surface hardness), density and water content. Thirty pig mandibles were selected from three di...

Bone homeostasis is affected by several factors, particularly mechanical loading and growth factor signaling pathways. There is overwhelming evidence to validate the importance of these signaling pathways, however, whether these signals work synergistically or independently to contribute to proper bone maintenance is poorly understood. Weight-bearing exercise increases mechanical load on the sk...