A total vertex cover is a vertex cover whose induced subgraph consists of a set of connected components, each of which contains at least two vertices. The total vertex cover (TVC) problem ask for the total vertex cover with minimum cardinality. In this paper, we first show that the TVC problem is NP-complete for connected subcubic grid graphs of arbitrary large girth. Next, we show that the TVC...

Thrust vector control (TVC) is a prime example of an aerospace system in which electromechanical actuators (EMAs) can potentially be effective. Researchers at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center are currently developing EMAs to replace the hydraulic servo actuators for use on space vehicles with TVC. The current paper focuses on the control of EMAs in TVC applications and on the optimization of...

BACKGROUND Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or greater (CIN2+) is the surrogate endpoint used in licensure trials of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. Vaccine efficacy against CIN3+, the immediate precursor to invasive cervical cancer, is more difficult to measure because of its lower incidence, but provides the most stringent evidence of potential cancer prevention. We report vacc...

1. Castle PE, Maza M. Prophylactic HPV vaccination: past, present, and future. Epidemiology and Infection 2016; 144: 449–468. doi:10.1017/S0950268815002198. Published online: 2 October 2015. Fig. 1. A comparison of vaccine efficacy against targeted HPV type-related (purple bars) and all cervical precancer (CIN2, CIN3, or AIS) (orange bars) by 2vHPV [27], and 4vHPV [28], for the HPV-naive popula...

A nondestructive method was developed for assessing total viable count (TVC) in pork during refrigerated storage by using hyperspectral imaging technique in this study. The hyperspectral images in the visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) region of 400–1100 nm were acquired for fifty pork samples, and their VIS/NIR diffuse reflectance spectra were extracted from the images. The reference values of TV...

This paper introduces a new speci…cation for the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model for the realized volatility of S&P500 index returns. In this new model, the coe¢ cients of the HAR are allowed to be time-varying with unknown functional forms. We propose a local linear method for estimating this TVC-HAR model as well as a bootstrap method for constructing con…dence intervals for the time...

Humidification-dehumidification (HD or HDH) desalination, and specifically HD driven by a thermal vapor compressor (TVC), is a thermal desalination method that has the potential to produce potable water efficiently in order to address the growing demand for water. This article presents a numerical study and optimization of two HD-TVC cycle configurations in order to determine the best achievabl...

This paper employs a multivariate Bayesian time-varying coetficients (TVC) approach to model and forecast exchange rate data. It is shown that, if used as a data-generating mechanism, a TVC model induces nonlinearities in the conditional moments and leptokurtosis in the unconditional distribution of the series. It is also shown that leptokurtic behavior disappears under time aggregation. As a f...

Gray's extension of Cox's proportional hazards (PH) model for right-censored survival data allows for a departure from the PH assumption via introduction of time-varying regression coefficients (TVC). For this model estimation of the conditional hazard rate relies on the inclusion of penalized splines. Cubic penalized splines tend to be unstable in the right tail of the distribution and thus qu...