BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants, assumed to be instrumental variables for a particular exposure, to estimate the causal effect of that exposure on an outcome. If the instrumental variable criteria are satisfied, the resulting estimator is consistent even in the presence of unmeasured confounding and reverse causation. METHODS We extend the Mendelian randomization para...

This study utilized the hierarchical linear model and trust as a mediator; designated leader emotional intelligence team-level dimension; transformational leadership, transactional in supervisor individual-level dimensions. An analysis was performed to explore relationships between these individual- variables job performance of real estate brokers, well potential role trust-oriented leadership ...

research findings suggest that the family context and communication patterns have high correlation with adolescent’s mental health indicators such as anxiety. therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the mediator role of coping strategies in relation between family communication patterns and students social anxiety. 140 students of shiraz guidance schools were studied they completed th...

the purpose of this research, was to determine the impact of contextual variable of change on commitment to change in related to process of privatization through emotional envolvment. in this regard, randomize stratified sampling was selected and 104 managers and specialists of khorasan province regional electric company participated in the study. to collect data was used a questionnaire with 9...

the aim of this study is designing a model for the optimal development of human resources in academic libraries. to this end, the university of tehran library as a case study is investigated. with regard to the four independent variables- organizational structure, organizational culture, leadership and strategic perspective, and mediator variables of attitude, behavior and creativity of staff- ...

Birnbaum and Mellers criticized the use of partial correlation and multiple regression by Moreland and Zajonc to argue for two independent effects of stimulus exposure on liking. The null hypothesis that one variable mediates the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables was not tested by their analyses. In response, Moreland and Zajonc reanalyzed their data, using structura...

abstract this study aims to explore the impact of human resources investment on competitive advantage that incorporates human capital as a mediator variable. for this purpose a questionnaire was designed to collect data of the research variables. validity and reliability of measurement instruments was obtained using confirmatory factor analysis. questionnaire was then distributed among a sample...

Recent statistical mediation analysis research focuses on using Bayesian methods for several reasons including the ability to incorporate prior information about model parameters, ease of constructing intervals for simple and complex models, and exact inference for small samples without restrictive assumptions of conventional mediation analysis (Yuan & MacKinnon, 2009).The focus of this paper i...