In 2008 melamine-contaminated infant formula and dairy products in China led to over 50,000 hospitalizations of children due to renal injuries. In North America during 2007 and in Asia during 2004, melamine-contaminated pet food products resulted in numerous pet deaths due to renal failure. Animal studies have confirmed the potent renal toxicity of melamine combined with cyanuric acid. We showe...

Self-assembled microwires of terephthalic acid (TPA) and melamine are prepared through the evaporation of water in a solution mixture of TPA and melamine. The microwires were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra, and cross-polarized optical microscopy (CPOM). The TPA•M microwires showed semi-conductive properties.

Hydrolysis of cyanuric acid, melamine, melem, atrazine and melamine-formaldehyde resin was found to be catalyzed by an A1203 catalyst. The reactions occur irreversibly with cleavage of the s-triazine ring between 240 and 450°C. The s-triazine-ring is hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the substituted groups to the corresponding molecules by addition of hydrogen.

An on-line microdialysis/high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in non-dairy coffee creamer. To collect these analytes from aqueous samples, the microdialysis system featured a microdialysis probe incorporating a polyarylethersulfone membrane and employed 0.05 M HCl in 0.1% (v/v) MeOH as the perfusate, with o...

254 Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases | Volume 3 | Number 4 | October 2009 addition, the pathological process in the affected pediatric cases is owing to the acute obstruction from melamine crystal that is unlikely to cause proteinuria. Therefore, the rational for screening for proteinuria in pediatric cases exposed to melamine is not supported. Some limitations of this work should be noted. F...

A fast and cost-effective melamine detection approach has been developed based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using a novel hydrogen bonding-assisted supramolecular matrix. The detection utilizes Fe3O4/Au magnetic nanoparticles coated with 5-aminoorotic acid (AOA) as a SERS active substrate (Fe3O4/Au–AOA), and Rhodamine B (RhB) conjugated AOA as a Raman reporter (AOA–RhB). Upon m...

Shrimp (Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei) specimens were submitted to the University of Arizona's Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory (UAZAPL) and to the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL) in 2007 and 2008 from shrimp-rearing facilities in India and Indonesia for histological testing. These were found to present prominent golden to greenish-brown needle- and plate-like birefring...

Melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) has been used on numerous occasions by individuals as a food adulterant to boost the apparent nitrogen content of food. Together with cyanuric acid, melamine causes acute kidney failure. In the recent infant formula incident, 150,000 children were hospitalized and several died. The WHO recently requested the development of a rapid method to quantitativel...

Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) is utilized as a highly efficient catalyst for the solvent-free condensation reaction of 2-naphthol (2 eq.) with arylaldehydes (1 eq.) under conventional thermal as well as microwave conditions to give the d

Nitrogen modified cobalt catalysts supported on carbon were prepared by pyrolysis of the mixture generated from cobalt(II) acetate in aqueous solution of melamine or waste melamine resins, which are widely used as industrial polymers. The obtained nanostructured materials catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes with formic acid in the absence of base. The optimal Co/Melamine2@C-70...