The Chah-Shaljami polymetal ore deposit contains heavy metal anomalies in various mineralization zones. Geochemical distribution and correlation of elements in surficial soilsindicate that sulfide, sulfate, sulfosalt and silicate mineral occurrences (e.g. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, enargite, hornblend and biotite) in mineralization and stockwork zones resulted in the...

INTRODUCTION The term epithermal derives from the genetic classification scheme for hydrothermal ore deposits proposed by Lindgren (1933). On the basis of stratigraphic relationships in volcanic sequences, and by analogy with mineral and metal occurrences and mineral textures in active hydrothermal systems, Lindgren inferred that epithermal deposits formed at <200°C and <100 atmospheres (~100 b...

A study on the quantitative leaching of iron ore in hydrochloric acid solution has been undertaken. The elemental composition of the iron ore was also carried out using ICP-MS technique. The major elements in the iron ore include: Fe(66.7%); Al (0.2%); Si (5.2%); Ti (0.02%) and O (28.0%). Some traces of V, Ni, Zn, Ce, Cr, La, Y and Zr were also found. The effects of contact time, acid concentra...

As pyrometallurgical technologies to smelt nickel metal from the oxide ore, melting reduction process using an electric furnace (Elkem) and semi-melting a rotary kiln (Krupp-Renn) with saprolite ore as raw material have been established operated commercially. However, in future, it is expected that will be difficult because of decline grade necessary develop new adaptable lower processing ore.

The Gandy gold-base metal deposit is located in Tertiary Torud-Chahshirin volcano-plutonic range, north of Central Iran. Various styles of gold mineralization occur throughout the range. Mineralization at Gandy occurs in close spatial relation with rhyolitic domes in a caldera setting in a series of narrow brecciated veins. Two mineralogically and spatially different argillic alterations have a...

After the beginning of metal processing at the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age, further knowledge of ore mining and smelting had spread from the Near East to central Europe. In the copper ore deposits of Schwaz, in the central part of the Alps, the oldest traces of copper mining derive from the early to middle Bronze Ages. Investigation of a middle to late Bronze Age (1410–920 c...

25 years after the discovery in the Ötztal Italian Alps, the 5,300-year-old mummy keeps providing key information on human biological and medical conditions, aspects of everyday life and societal organization in the Copper Age. The hand axe found with the body of the Alpine Iceman is one of the rare copper objects that is firmly dated to the early Copper Age because of the radiocarbon dating of...

Barnett and Morse’ examined the economics of natural resource availability using data on capital, labour and output for the USA between 1870 and 1957. They tested the hypothesis that the scarcity of natural resources was increasing by examining the trend of unit cost of extractive products in the agricultural, mineral, forestry and fishing industries. Working in terms of index numbers they defi...

Analyses for columbium in pyrochlore ores from North Bay, Ontario, have been made successfully by using o-ray fluorescence techniques. rt was necessary to use, as in methods of optical spectroscopy) an internal standard for this work. The choice of a suitable internal standard for a particular metal in a specific mineral association or ore-t).pe requires consideration of the characteristic r-ra...

For decades, the extraction of minerals has intensified in order to meet the demand of industry. Iron ore deposits are important sources of metals, such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The particulate ores can be dispersed during extraction, transport and storage, with potential to induce biological impacts. Amphibians are very sensitive to environmental stressors. Therefore, the present study...