skeletal abnormalities are most often used to describe defects in the arms or legs that are associated with genes or chromosomes, or that occur due to an event that happens during pregnancy. spider lamb syndrome (sls) is a congenital disorder in sheep breeding that is recognized by some deformities in skeletal system especially in the limbs.a dead day-old cross-breed white lamb with deformed li...

INTRODUCTION Rightmire et al.’s (2006) recent study of three late Pleistocene human metatarsal bones from Klasies River main site, situated on the southern coast of South Africa provides valuable insights into Middle Stone Age (MSA) occupation of these archaeologically informative deposits. Although there is still some debate on the age of the site (Parkington 1990; Wolpoff 1989), the general c...

The deep transverse metatarsal ligaments play an important role in stabilizing the metatarsal bones and manipulating foot transverse arch deformation. However, the biomechanical research about transverse metatarsal ligaments in the foot maneuver is quite few. Due to the difficulties and lack of better measurement technology for these ligaments experimental monitor, the load transfer mechanism a...

The foot is constituted from a series of small bones making a segmented structure with multiple joints, likened to a dome, in contact with the ground in three points: posteriorly the calcanear tuberosity; anteriorly and medially the head of 1st metatarsum, and anteriorly and laterally the head of 5th metatarsum. In fact, each foot presents a semi-arch whose base is represented by the lateral bo...

Laboratory mice provide a versatile experimental model for studies of skeletal biomechanics. In order to determine the strength of the mouse skeleton, mechanical testing has been performed on a variety of bones using several procedures. Because of differences in testing methods, the data from previous studies are not comparable. The purpose of this study was to determine which long bone provide...

The investigations were carried out on 17 modern half-breed horse skulls and their metacarpal and metatarsal bones. The basal length (BL), total length (TL), internal cranial cavity dimension and maximal length of metacarpus and metatarsus and maximal lateral length of metacarpus and metatarsus were measured according to Kiesewalter and von den Driesch. During height at the withers estimation, ...

Skeletal abnormalities are most often used to describe defects in the arms or legs that are associated with genes or chromosomes, or that occur due to an event that happens during pregnancy. Spider lamb syndrome (SLS) is a congenital disorder in sheep breeding that is recognized by some deformities in skeletal system especially in the limbs.A dead day-old cross-breed white lamb with deformed li...

The accessory bones of the foot have fascinated anatomists for five centuries. Andreas Vesalius in I 568 (published in I 725) was the first to draw attention to an accessory ossicle situated at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, and much has been written subsequently about two distinct groups of accessory bones. In the first are those which are contained within the fibres of tendons and are...