Submarine mud volcanoes are important sources of methane to the water column. However, the temporal variability of their mud and methane emissions is unknown. Methane emissions were previously proposed to result from a dynamic equilibrium between upward migration and consumption at the seabed by methane-consuming microbes. Here we show non-steady-state situations of vigorous mud movement that a...

A two-temperature thermal non-equilibrium model is developed and applied to the threedimensional and time-dependent simulation of the flow inside a DC arc plasma torch. A detailed comparison of the results of the non-equilibrium model with those of an equilibrium model is presented. The fluid and electromagnetic equations in both models are approximated numerically in a fully-coupled approach b...

Jets and photons could play an important role in finding the transport coefficients of quark-gluon plasma. To this end we analyze their interaction with a non-equilibrium Using new field-theoretical tools derive two-point correlators for plasma which show how instabilities evolve time. This allows us, first time, to finite rates medium. We furthermore that coherent, long-wavelength instability ...

We study the production and the equilibration of a non-Abelian q q plasma in an external chromoelectric eld, by solving the Boltzmann equation with the non-Abelian features explicitly incorporated. We consider the gauge group SU(2) and show that the colour degree of freedom has a major and dominant role in the dynamics of the system. It is seen that the assumption of the so called Abelian domin...

This review is intended to give an overview of recent results on plasma-assisted ignition and combustion. The influence electrical discharges combustion processes introduced, the excited species radicals present in large quantity plasma are detailed. A description theoretical problems related modeling given, elucidating role states enhancing reaction rates. Then some experiments reported, focus...

The direct conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons, in a quartz tube reactor enforced by a DC corona discharge, was investigated at atmospheric pressure. The process was carried out in the presence of metal oxide catalysts of Mn/W/SiO2, Mn/W/SiO2 (tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS), and Mn/W/CNT (supported on carbon nanotubes). The total yield to C2 hydrocarbons in the presence of metal oxide cat...

Experimental studies of plasma-assisted combustion have shown that Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed (NRP) discharges are a very efficient way to improve flame stability in lean regimes. These generate non-equilibrium plasma induces local heating and an important production active species sufficient enhance the combustion. The aim this article is understand physical chemical mechanisms involved tu...