This work is a revision of the False Dilemma Fallacy (FDF). The formalized model (FM)of this fallacy has as its centerpiece valid disjunctive syllogism, but premise presumed to be false, thus making argument unsound. Our revised (FM2.0) focuses on formal structure by comparing given vs. real argument, which unsound because invalidity. approach we believe more pedagogically useful and better exp...

We review the literature on the hot hand fallacy by highlighting the positive and negative aspects of hot hand research over the past 20 years, and suggesting new avenues of research. Many researchers have focused on criticising Gilovich et al.’s claim that the hot hand fallacy exists in basketball and other sports, instead of exploring the general implications of the hot hand fallacy for human...

The inclusion fallacy is a phenomenon in which generalization from a specific premise category to a more general conclusion category is considered stronger than a generalization to a specific conclusion category nested within the more general set. Such inferences violate rational norms and are part of the reasoning fallacy literature that provides interesting tasks to explore cognitive and neur...

When making serial predictions in a binary decision task, there is a clear tendency to assume that after a series of the same external outcome (e.g., heads in a coin flip), the next outcome will be the opposing one (e.g., tails), even when the outcomes are independent of one another. This so-called "gambler's fallacy" has been replicated robustly. However, what drives gambler's fallacy behavior...

Now, we come to offer you the right catalogues of book to open. cognitive autonomy and methodological individualism the interpretative foundations of social life studies in applied philosophy epistemology and rational ethics is one of the literary work in this world in suitable to be reading material. That's not only this book gives reference, but also it will show you the amazing benefits of r...

The conjunction fallacy occurs when people judge a conjunction A&B as more likely than a constituent A, contrary to the rules of probability theory. We describe a model where this fallacy arises purely as a consequence of noise and random error in the probability estimation process. We describe an experiment testing this proposal by assessing the relationship between fallacy rates and the avera...

Advocacy of ‘methodological individualism’ is a widespread, especially among economists. However, the term is rarely defined with adequate precision and some crucial ambiguities are explored in this article. Among these is the commonplace ambivalence over whether explanations should be in terms of individuals alone, or in terms of individuals plus relations between them. It is shown that a grea...

This paper investigates the systemic nature of methodological individualism. According to widespread belief, the notion of autonomy of the actor that is defended by methodological individualism is mistaken because it is incompatible with the study of society in terms of its organized structure. We argue that this viewpoint must be rejected. In our opinion, it stems from confusion between ontolo...

Recent papers have demonstrated that the way people acquire information about a decision problem, by experience or by abstract description, can affect their behavior. We examined the role of experience over time in the emergence of the Gambler’s Fallacy in binary prediction tasks. Theories of the Gambler’s Fallacy and models of binary prediction suggest that recency bias, elicited by experience...