3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') is a potent psychedelic drug inducing euphoria and hypersociability in humans, as well as hyperactivity and anxiety in rodents. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become a widely used species in neurobehavioral research. Here, we explore the effects of a wide range (0.25-120 mg/l) of acute MDMA doses on zebrafish behavior in the novel tank tes...

Aims To determine trends in 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-related death rates across Australia, Finland, Portugal and Turkey to analyse the toxicology causes of countries. Design Analysis MDMA-related deaths extracted from a national coronial database Australia (2001–19) forensic databases Finland (2001–17), (2008–19) (2007–17). Presentation MDMA use seizure data (market indicators)....

Previous research has demonstrated working memory and executive deficits in recreational users of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; Ecstasy). In turn, both of these constructs have been implicated in syllogistic reasoning performance. Twenty-two MDMA users (mean age = 21.36) and 26 MDMA nonuser controls (mean age = 21.31) were tested on syllogisms of varying difficulty and on measures of...

The binding of [3H]3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [( 3H]MDMA) to both rat brain membrane preparations and glass fiber filter papers was analyzed in the present study. Saturation studies indicate that [3H]MDMA binding is saturable and monophasic in both the presence and absence of rat brain membranes. This apparent 'specific' binding of [3H]MDMA in both the presence and absence of brain homog...

Hyponatremia is a serious complication of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use. We investigated potential mechanisms in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. In Study 1, healthy drug-experienced volunteers received MDMA or placebo alone and in combination with the alpha-1 adrenergic inverse agonist prazosin, used as a positive control to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In St...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of ± 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') is associated with cardiovascular complications and hyperthermia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed the effects of the α(1) - and β-adrenoceptor antagonist carvedilol on the cardiostimulant, thermogenic and subjective responses to MDMA in 16 healthy subjects. Carvedilol (50 mg) or placebo was administered ...

introduction: exposure to 3-4, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) leads to cell death. herein, we studied the protective effects of ginger on mdma- induced apoptosis. methods: 15 sprague dawley male rats were administrated with 0, 10 mg/kg mdma, or mdma along with 100mg/kg ginger, ip for 7 days. brains were removed to study the caspase 3, 8, and 9 expressions in the hippocampus by rt-pcr. dat...

Objective(s): 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is one of the most popular drugs of abuse in the world with hallucinogenic properties that has been shown to induce apoptosis in  liver cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on liver damage induced by acute administration of MDMA in Wistar rat. Materials and Methods: Animals were administered wit...

introduction: 3-4, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) causes apoptosis in nervous system and several studies suggest that oxidative stress contributes to mdma-induced neurotoxicity. the aim of this study is to examine the effects of n-acetyl-l-cystein (nac) as an antioxidant on mdma-induced apoptosis. methods: 21 sprague dawley male rats (200-250mg) were treated with mdma (2×0,5mg/kg) or mdma...

  Background :Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that has a neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system. The amphetamine derivative (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue used recreationally to obtain an enhanced affiliated emotional response. MDMA is a potent monoaminergic neurotoxin with the potential of damage to brain neu...