Membrane processes for surface water treatment include microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF), depending on the target material to be removed and the limiting process economics. MF will remove turbidity, but no dissolved compounds, unless associated with colloids, UF will, depending on the molecular weight cut off (MWCO), partially remove NOM, and NF will remove NOM ...

Recovery of spores and crystals from the fermentation broth of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was studied using the membrane separation technology. Four types of polymeric membranes, with different characteristics, in the range of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) were used for evaluating their permeate flux and spore–crystal recovery capacity. Results indicated that both MF and UF mem...

The physical and chemical changes of 4x milk concentrates prepared by ultrafiltration (UF) microfiltration (MF) combined with diafiltration were studied after heating in situ to 85 °C subsequent cooling. Skim (1x) was analyzed as control. had comparable pH, colloidal casein calcium phosphate, but differed whey proteins serum allowing investigating the effect soluble phase composition on viscosi...

Washing systems using water soluble detergent are used in electrical and mechanical industries and the wastewater containing O/W emulsion are discharged from these systems. Membrane filtration has large potential for the efficient separation of O/W emulsion for reuses of treated water and detergent. The separation properties of O/W emulsions by cross-flow microfiltration and ultrafiltration wer...

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Author Marko Outinen Name of the dissertation Effect of pre-treatment of cheese milk on the composition and characteristics of whey and whey products Manuscript submitted 2.10.2009 Manuscript revised 24.11.2009 Date of the defence 20.1.2010 Monograph x Article dissertation (summary + origina...

Recent findings regarding nanofiltration (NF) have led to indications that it can be successfully used for separation of various biological solutions. As a novelty, this paper is the first investigate impact feed pretreatment process on NF membrane performance 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) fermentation broths. For purpose, prior process, was purified by microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) ...

Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes are well known in water treatment or separation of valuable biomolecules. They have recently been adapted for microalgae valorization, where filtration employing nanoporous polymer membranes is used to separate recover lipids proteins from extracts. As the design novel MF UF with optimized performance (reduced fouling molecules increased f...

Introduction: Lack of high-quality sleep causes serious side effects like anxiety and changes in plasma concentration of oxalate. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of local extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on inducing sleep (sleepiness) and anxiety in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were allocated in four groups (n=10). The ELF-MFs ...

In this work, Rhodiasolv® PolarClean was employed as a more sustainable solvent for the preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) flat sheet membranes via phase inversion technique by coupling vapour induced separation (VIPS) and non-solvent (NIPS) processes. Preliminary calculations based on Hansen solubility parameters well predicted solubilization polymer in sel...

Rapid increase in population and industrialization leads to huge generation of solid waste throughout the country with landfilling as the most common practice for management of these solid waste. It is estimated that out of 3267 MLD of sewage is generated in Delhi. Concentrations of COD, BOD5, heavy metals, NH4AN, low BOD5/COD ratio and the lack of nutrients in the methanogenic phase have restr...