The dynamics of MHC II expression in various thymic stromal compartments was investigated. By including MHC II in flow cytometry in addition to the cortical CDR1, medullary UEA-1 and pan-epithelial G8.8 markers, thymic stromal compartments were subdivided into at least six different populations. The total level of surface and cytoplasmic MHC II from fresh cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs...

MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules are present on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and these molecules function by binding antigenic peptides and presenting these peptides to antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. APCs continuously generate and degrade MHC-II molecules, and ubiquitination of MHC-II has recently been shown to be a key regulator of MHC-II expression in dendritic cells (DCs). In this mini-r...

Abstract MHC-II–mediated antigen presentation is essential for the function of immune system. Recent evidence indicates that MHC-II expression shapes tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. expressing presenting cells (APCs) mediate CD4 +T-cell priming activation license them support CD8 response. Citrullination – catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) a post-translational modif...

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer in humans that often expresses MHC class II (MHC II) molecules, which could make these tumors eliminable by the immune system. However, this MHC II expression has been associated with poor prognosis, and there is a lack of immune-mediated eradication. The lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a natural ligand for MHC II that is substantially express...

Microbial products, such as CpG DNA and LPS, enhance class II MHC (MHC-II) expression and Ag presentation by dendritic cells, but this effect does not occur with macrophages and is largely unexplored in B cells. Although MHC-II expression is influenced by transcriptional regulation, which is governed by class II transactivator (CIITA) in all cells, microbial products enhance MHC-II expression b...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is one of the most important autoimmune diseases recognized by demyelination and axonal lesion. it is the most common cause of disability in the young population. various immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies, including different formulations of interferon beta (ifnβ), glatiramer acetate (ga), mitoxantrone, and natalizumab are available for this disease. howev...

Newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC-II) are transported to MHC-II-containing endosomal and lysosomal compartments (MIICs) for the degradation of associated invariant chain and peptide loading. Subsequently MHC-II is transported to the plasma membrane, in part through direct fusion of MIICs with the plasma membrane. In search of potential alternative pathwa...

In B-lymphocytes, endocytosis of MHC I and MHC II molecules is important for the cross-priming and presentation of labile antigens, respectively. Here, we report that MHC I and MHC II were internalized by separate endocytic carriers that lacked transferrin receptor. Cholera toxin B was co-internalized with MHC II, but not with MHC I, suggesting that the CLIC/GEEC pathway is involved in the upta...

Loss of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression is associated with poor patient outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). As MHC II molecules are lost with plasmacytic differentiation in normal cells, we asked whether MHC II loss in DLBCL is associated with an altered differentiation state. We used gene expression profiling, quantum dots, and immunohistochemistry t...

The objective was to investigate the intracellular localization and association of pig major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I subunits with invariant chain (Ii). Pig MHC class I subunit cDNAs were cloned by RT-PCR and eukaryotic expression plasmids of α and β2m were constructed with fusions to red or enhanced green fluorescent protein (pDsRed2-N1-α, pEGFP-N1-α, pDsRed2-N1-β2m, and pEGFP...