Transplant-associated arteriosclerosis remains an obstacle to long-term graft survival. To determine the contribution to transplant arteriosclerosis of MHC and adhesion molecules from cells of the donor vasculature, we allografted carotid artery loops from six mutant mouse strains into immunocompetent CBA/CaJ recipients. The donor mice were deficient in either MHC I molecules or MHC II molecule...

T cell responses to MHC-mismatched transplants can be mediated via direct recognition of allogeneic MHC molecules on the cells of the transplant or via recognition of allogeneic peptides presented on the surface of recipient APCs in recipient MHC molecules - a process known as indirect recognition. As CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs play an important role in regulating alloresponses, we investigated whethe...

An important mammalian defence strategy against intracellular pathogens is the presentation of cytoplasmically derived short peptides by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. MHC class I molecules assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with chaperones, including calnexin and calreticulin, before binding to the transporter associated with antige...

MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules are present on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and these molecules function by binding antigenic peptides and presenting these peptides to antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. APCs continuously generate and degrade MHC-II molecules, and ubiquitination of MHC-II has recently been shown to be a key regulator of MHC-II expression in dendritic cells (DCs). In this mini-r...

The Holocene Wolfenden tufa deposit in south-eastern British Columbia, western Canada, preserves a unique record of the earliest stages calcium carbonate deposition resulting from microbial extracellular polymeric substances-mediated precipitation amorphous (ACC) with partial transformation to monohydrocalcite (MHC) and subsequently nanocrystalline calcite. This is first documentation mineralog...

The number of different major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules expressed per individual is widely believed to represent a trade-off between maximizing the detection of foreign antigens, and minimizing the loss of T cell clones due to self-tolerance induction. Using a mathematical model we here show that this argument fails to explain why individuals typically express of the order of 1020 diff...

Abstract Local intratumor delivery with electroporation of low levels plasmids encoding molecules, such as IL-12, IL-15, induces an antitumor effect without causing systemic toxicity. However, previous studies have predominately focused on the function delivered molecule encoded within plasmid, and ignored plasmid backbone. In this study, we found backbones pUMVC3 pVax1 induced up-regulation MH...

MHC class I molecules (MHC-I) are cell surface recognition elements expressed on virtually all somatic cells. These molecules sample peptides generated within the cell and signal the cell's physiological state to effector cells of the immune system, both T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, molecules structurally related to MHC-I, collectively known as MHC-Ib, are more spec...

Role of MHC class I HLA A2 HC and trimeric molecules on the binding of exogenous HBV core antigen was studied in Hela cells transfected with MHC class 1 HLA A2. HC and trimeric HLA A2 molecules could be identified with specific monoclonal antibodies. HC and trimeric HLA-A2 molecules exist in varying proportion on the cell surface of Hela cells. MHC class I HC molecules on the cell surface do no...