'lstituto di Radioastronomia CNR, Bologna, Italy; 'DAEC, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, France; 30sservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano, Italy; 4 ~ o y a l Observatory, Edinburgh, UK; 51stituto di Fisica Cosmica CNR, Milano, Italy; 6~sservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Italy; 7~ipartimento di Astronomia, Universita di Bologna, Italy; 'Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Italy; gOsservatorio ...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com of tissue samples [1,2]. Rationalisation of biomarkers using the conventional histopathological procedure is time consuming, laborious and pricey especially, when several markers are to be tested on various specimens. So, TMA is expected to surmount these substantial problems [3]. Tissue microarrays are produced by harvesting cylindrical tissue core...

Microarray technology provides a unique tool for the determination of gene expression at the level of messenger RNA (mRNA). The simultaneous measurement of the entire human genome (thousands of genes) will facilitate the uncovering of specific gene expression patterns that are associated with disease. One important application of microarray technology, within the context of neurotoxicological s...

dna microarray is a powerful approach to study simultaneously, the expression of 1000 of genes in a single experiment. the average value of the fluorescent intensity could be calculated in a microarray experiment. the calculated intensity values are very close in amount to the levels of expression of a particular gene. however, determining the appropriate position of every spot in microarray im...

Identifying genes underlying complex diseases/traits that generally involve multiple etiological mechanisms and contributing genes is difficult. Although microarray technology has enabled researchers to investigate gene expression changes, but identifying pathobiologically relevant genes remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we apply a new method for selecting the disease-relevant gen...

.................................................................................................................................... x 1 Microarray data ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. ...