Reliability, a crucial requirement in any modern microprocessor, assures correct execution over its lifetime. As mission critical components are becoming common commodity systems, e.g., control of autonomous cars, the demand for reliable processing continues to grow. The latest process technologies have aggravated situation by causing microprocessors be highly vulnerable reliability concerns. T...

The world's first microprocessor, the 4004, was co-developed by Busicom, a Japanese manufacturer of calculators, and Intel, a U.S. manufacturer of semiconductors. The basic architecture of 4004 was developed in August 1969; a concrete plan for the 4004 system was finalized in December 1969; and the first microprocessor was successfully developed in March 1971. Microprocessors, which became the ...

Vector Microprocessors

HADES1 is a fully automated verification tool for pipeline-based microprocessors that aims at flaws caused by improperly handled data hazards. It focuses on single-pipeline microprocessors designed at the register transfer level (RTL) and deals with read-after-write, write-after-write, and write-afterread hazards. HADES combines several techniques, including data-flow analysis, error pattern ma...

The world's first microprocessor, the 4004, was co-developed by Busicom, a Japanese manufacturer of calculators, and Intel, a U.S. manufacturer of semiconductors. During the development of a general-purpose LSI for not only desktop calculators but also other business machines, originally based on a decimal computer with a stored program method, a basic architecture of 4004 was developed in Augu...