The sigB gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum encodes a group 2 sigma factor of RNA polymerase. Under conditions of oxygen deprivation, the sigB gene is upregulated and cells exhibit high productivity of organic acids as a result of an elevated glucose consumption rate. Using DNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses, we found that sigB disruption led to reduced ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have previously shown that extracellular acidity protects cultured fetal murine neocortical neurons from glutamate toxicity and combined oxygen-glucose deprivation injury, an action at least in part mediated by reduction in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. We now investigate the effect of extracellular alkalinity on both glutamate neurotoxicity and injury due ...

Ischemic events, common in many diseases, result from decreased blood flow and impaired delivery of oxygen and glucose to tissues of the body. While much is known about the cellular transcriptional response to ischemia, much less is known about the posttranscriptional response to oxygen and glucose deprivation. The goal of this project was to investigate one such posttranscriptional response, t...

Considering the wide, positive reporting of the role of reactive oxygen species in ischemic brain injury, searching for antioxidant drugs within herbal remedies is logical. In this study, the protective effects of Scutellaria litwinowii Bornm. & Sint. on cell viability and reactive oxygen species production in cultured PC12 cells were investigated under serum/glucose-deprivation-induced cell de...

Our objective was to determine if the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone acutely reduces insulin secretion and causes metabolic deceleration in vivo independently of change in insulin sensitivity. We assessed glucose homeostasis by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp studies and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry and biotelemetry in male Wistar and obese hyperinsuline...

Slices of somatosensory cortex taken from immature rats on postnatal day (P)7-14 were labeled with fura-2. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was monitored in identified pyramidal cells as the ratio of fluorescence intensities (RF340/F380) during oxygen-glucose deprivation. The RF340/F380 ([Ca2+]i) of individual pyramidal cells was monitored in each of the cortical layers II-VI simultan...

Whether or not deprivation of glucose and oxygen can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis was examined. Four groups of Langendorff preparations of guinea-pig hearts were perfused for 6 h with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution deprived of glucose (group A), deprived of oxygen (group B), and deprived of both glucose and oxygen (group C), then examined for the mode of myocardial cell death. The control was...

Backgrounds: Insulin resistance is a pathological condition associated with metabolic syndrome. In this condition, insulin action in liver, muscles, and adipocytes decreases which leads to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone) have been used to enhance insulin sensitivity but due to dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance, ...