in modern decentralised health systems, district and local managers are increasingly responsible for financing, managing, and delivering healthcare. however, their lack of adequate skills and competencies are a critical barrier to improved performance of health systems. given the financial and human resource, constraints of relying on traditional face-to-face training to upskill a large and dis...

UNLABELLED 'Cochrane Corner' in the November SAMJ highlights a Cochrane review that evaluated the effects of interventions for improving childhood vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries. QUESTION Which interventions increase the uptake of childhood vaccines in low and middle-income countries? BOTTOM LINE Health education, home visits, and reminders probably increase the up...

Bringing Financial Literacy and Education to Low and Middle Income Countries: The Need to Review, Adjust, and Extend Current Wisdom This paper presents a World Bank led and Russia trust fund financed work program to measure financial capability and the effectiveness of financial education in low and middle income countries. The two activities and their staging have been motivated by the lessons...

Background: Overuse of injections is a common problem in many low-income and middle income countries. Whil

BACKGROUND Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet epidemiologic data are not available for many countries, particularly low- to middle-income countries. In this paper, we present data on the prevalence, impairment and demographic correlates of depression from 18 high and low- to middle-income countries in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. METHODS M...

BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of pneumonia mortality in young children. However, clinical data for fatal RSV infection are scarce. We aimed to identify clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of children aged younger than 5 years with RSV-related mortality using individual patient data. METHODS In this retrospective case series, we developed a...

This paper examines the income inequality implications of a ‘premature deindustrialization’ trend in middle-income countries. To identify premature deindustrialization phase, we arrive at five conditions based on trends employment and value-added share manufacture. Among these conditions, first second examine pattern economies. The last three classify identified phase as or not. We apply panel ...