The world’s energy markets rely heavily on the fossil fuels coal, petroleum crude oil, and natural gas as sources of thermal energy; gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels; and chemicals. Since millions of years are required to form fossil fuels in the earth, their reserves are finite and subject to depletion as they are consumed. The only natural, renewable carbon resource known that is large enough...

Ocakavany podiel obnovitelnych zdrojov energie pri naplneni energetickeho dopytu. Taking the expected growth of the world’s population and the estimated technological development and increase in living standards into account, the paper forecasts energy demands. On the basis of the actual production data of 380-400 EJ.year in 2000 and data in publications, the author assumes the total energy dem...

Fossil fuels and fossil fuel derived chemicals are limited, non-renewable, and foreseen to run out in the near future. To find viable solutions for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals, significant efforts are being made by the scientific community. For example, some microorganisms have been shown to produce fuels or chemicals using renewable electricity charged electrodes as electro...

Keeping in view, the challenges concerning agro-ecosystem and environment, the recent developments in biotechnology offers a more reliable approach to address the food security for future generations and also resolve the complex environmental problems. Several unique features of cyanobacteria such as oxygenic photosynthesis, high biomass yield, growth on non-arable lands and a wide variety of w...

Following the lead of the European Union in introducing binding measures to promote the use of regenerative energy forms, it is not unreasonable to assume that the global demand for combustible raw materials for energy generation will be reduced considerably in the second half of this century. This will not only have a favourable effect on the CO(2) concentration in the atmosphere, but will al...

Ambient PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected from Wroclaw residential area between January and April 2009, and their elemental compositions were studied. The mean mass concentration of PM2.5 was 36±21 μg/m. Based on the variability in elemental composition of atmospheric aerosols, using principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLRA), four main sources of fine particula...

The acidic ionic liquid (IL) functionalized polymer (PDVB-SO3H-[C3vim][SO3CF3]) possesses abundant nanoporous structures, strong acid strength and unique capability for deconstruction of crystalline cellulose into sugars in ILs. The polymer shows much improved catalytic activities in comparison with mineral acids, homogeneous acidic ionic liquids and the acidic resins such as Amberlyst 15. The ...

Coal, in particular, and fossil fuels, in general, are well positioned to supply the world’s energy needs for centuries to come if the environmental challenges associated with anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions can be overcome. Carbon dioxide sequestration is being actively pursued as an option to reduce CO2 emissions, while still enjoying the advantages of low-cost fossil fuel energy. Mine...